Hypothalamus Flashcards
What is the most common cause of acromegaly?
GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (somatotroph adenoma).
What is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia?
Prolactinoma (lactotroph adenoma).
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment (surgery/radiation).
What is the most common cause of diabetes insipidus (DI)?
Insufficient AVP production (central DI) or renal resistance to AVP (nephrogenic DI).
What is the most common cause of SIADH?
Excessive or inappropriate production of AVP, often due to lung infections, CNS disorders, or drugs.
What is the most common cause of pituitary apoplexy?
Hemorrhage into a preexisting pituitary adenoma.
What is the most common cause of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas?
Gonadotroph adenomas.
What is the most common cause of TSH-secreting adenomas?
Sporadic, but can be associated with MEN 1.
What is the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency in adults?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency in children?
Idiopathic or congenital.
What is the most common cause of ACTH deficiency?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of FSH/LH deficiency?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of TSH deficiency?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of PRL deficiency?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of oxytocin deficiency?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of AVP deficiency?
Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in children?
Craniopharyngioma.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in adults?
Pituitary adenoma.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in postpartum women?
Sheehan’s syndrome.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in trauma patients?
Traumatic brain injury.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in cancer patients?
Radiation therapy.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with autoimmune diseases?
Lymphocytic hypophysitis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infections?
Tuberculosis or fungal infections.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infiltrative diseases?
Sarcoidosis or histiocytosis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with vascular disorders?
Pituitary apoplexy or infarction.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with genetic disorders?
Congenital hypopituitarism.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with developmental disorders?
Empty sella syndrome.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with metabolic disorders?
Hemochromatosis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with drug-induced disorders?
Dopamine agonists or glucocorticoids.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with radiation-induced disorders?
Radiation therapy for brain tumors.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with trauma-induced disorders?
Traumatic brain injury.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with postpartum disorders?
Sheehan’s syndrome.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with autoimmune disorders?
Lymphocytic hypophysitis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infectious disorders?
Tuberculosis or fungal infections.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infiltrative disorders?
Sarcoidosis or histiocytosis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with vascular disorders?
Pituitary apoplexy or infarction.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with genetic disorders?
Congenital hypopituitarism.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with developmental disorders?
Empty sella syndrome.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with metabolic disorders?
Hemochromatosis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with drug-induced disorders?
Dopamine agonists or glucocorticoids.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with radiation-induced disorders?
Radiation therapy for brain tumors.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with trauma-induced disorders?
Traumatic brain injury.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with postpartum disorders?
Sheehan’s syndrome.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with autoimmune disorders?
Lymphocytic hypophysitis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infectious disorders?
Tuberculosis or fungal infections.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infiltrative disorders?
Sarcoidosis or histiocytosis.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with vascular disorders?
Pituitary apoplexy or infarction.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with genetic disorders?
Congenital hypopituitarism.
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with developmental disorders?
Empty sella syndrome.
