Hypothalamus

Question 1

What is the most common cause of acromegaly?

Answer 1

GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (somatotroph adenoma).

Question 2

What is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia?

Answer 2

Prolactinoma (lactotroph adenoma).

Question 3

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism?

Answer 3

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment (surgery/radiation).

Question 4

What is the most common cause of diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Answer 4

Insufficient AVP production (central DI) or renal resistance to AVP (nephrogenic DI).

Question 5

What is the most common cause of SIADH?

Answer 5

Excessive or inappropriate production of AVP, often due to lung infections, CNS disorders, or drugs.

Question 6

What is the most common cause of pituitary apoplexy?

Answer 6

Hemorrhage into a preexisting pituitary adenoma.

Question 7

What is the most common cause of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas?

Answer 7

Gonadotroph adenomas.

Question 8

What is the most common cause of TSH-secreting adenomas?

Answer 8

Sporadic, but can be associated with MEN 1.

Question 9

What is the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency in adults?

Answer 9

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 10

What is the most common cause of growth hormone deficiency in children?

Answer 10

Idiopathic or congenital.

Question 11

What is the most common cause of ACTH deficiency?

Answer 11

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 12

What is the most common cause of FSH/LH deficiency?

Answer 12

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 13

What is the most common cause of TSH deficiency?

Answer 13

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 14

What is the most common cause of PRL deficiency?

Answer 14

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 15

What is the most common cause of oxytocin deficiency?

Answer 15

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 16

What is the most common cause of AVP deficiency?

Answer 16

Pituitary adenoma or its treatment.

Question 17

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in children?

Answer 17

Craniopharyngioma.

Question 18

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in adults?

Answer 18

Pituitary adenoma.

Question 19

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in postpartum women?

Answer 19

Sheehan’s syndrome.

Question 20

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in trauma patients?

Answer 20

Traumatic brain injury.

Question 21

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in cancer patients?

Answer 21

Radiation therapy.

Question 22

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with autoimmune diseases?

Answer 22

Lymphocytic hypophysitis.

Question 23

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infections?

Answer 23

Tuberculosis or fungal infections.

Question 24

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infiltrative diseases?

Answer 24

Sarcoidosis or histiocytosis.

Question 25

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with vascular disorders?

Answer 25

Pituitary apoplexy or infarction.

Question 26

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with genetic disorders?

Answer 26

Congenital hypopituitarism.

Question 27

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with developmental disorders?

Answer 27

Empty sella syndrome.

Question 28

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with metabolic disorders?

Answer 28

Hemochromatosis.

Question 29

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with drug-induced disorders?

Answer 29

Dopamine agonists or glucocorticoids.

Question 30

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with radiation-induced disorders?

Answer 30

Radiation therapy for brain tumors.

Question 31

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with trauma-induced disorders?

Answer 31

Traumatic brain injury.

Question 32

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with postpartum disorders?

Answer 32

Sheehan’s syndrome.

Question 33

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with autoimmune disorders?

Answer 33

Lymphocytic hypophysitis.

Question 34

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infectious disorders?

Answer 34

Tuberculosis or fungal infections.

Question 35

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infiltrative disorders?

Answer 35

Sarcoidosis or histiocytosis.

Question 36

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with vascular disorders?

Answer 36

Pituitary apoplexy or infarction.

Question 37

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with genetic disorders?

Answer 37

Congenital hypopituitarism.

Question 38

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with developmental disorders?

Answer 38

Empty sella syndrome.

Question 39

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with metabolic disorders?

Answer 39

Hemochromatosis.

Question 40

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with drug-induced disorders?

Answer 40

Dopamine agonists or glucocorticoids.

Question 41

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with radiation-induced disorders?

Answer 41

Radiation therapy for brain tumors.

Question 42

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with trauma-induced disorders?

Answer 42

Traumatic brain injury.

Question 43

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with postpartum disorders?

Answer 43

Sheehan’s syndrome.

Question 44

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with autoimmune disorders?

Answer 44

Lymphocytic hypophysitis.

Question 45

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infectious disorders?

Answer 45

Tuberculosis or fungal infections.

Question 46

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with infiltrative disorders?

Answer 46

Sarcoidosis or histiocytosis.

Question 47

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with vascular disorders?

Answer 47

Pituitary apoplexy or infarction.

Question 48

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with genetic disorders?

Answer 48

Congenital hypopituitarism.

Question 49

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in patients with developmental disorders?

Answer 49

Empty sella syndrome.