Acidosis Flashcards
Normal systemic arterial pH range
“7.35 - 7.45”
Primary regulators of acid-base balance
“Lungs (CO2 control) and kidneys (HCO3- control)”
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describes
“The relationship between pH
Winter’s equation is used for
“Predicting compensatory Paco2 in metabolic acidosis”
Rule of 15 for metabolic acidosis
“Expected Pco2 = [HCO3−] + 15”
Primary respiratory disturbances affect
“PaCO2 levels”
Primary metabolic disturbances affect
“[HCO3−] levels”
Compensation for metabolic acidosis
“Increased ventilation to decrease CO2”
Compensation for respiratory acidosis
“Increased renal HCO3− retention”
High anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by
“Lactic acidosis
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by
“Diarrhea
Anion gap calculation formula
“AG = Na+ – (Cl− + HCO3−)”
Normal anion gap value
“Approximately 10 mmol/L”
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
“Vomiting
Compensation in metabolic alkalosis
“Hypoventilation to retain CO2”
Treatment of metabolic alkalosis
“Correct underlying cause
Respiratory acidosis is caused by
“Hypoventilation
Acute hypercapnia symptoms
“Anxiety
Chronic hypercapnia symptoms
“Sleep disorders
Causes of respiratory alkalosis
“Hyperventilation
Compensation for respiratory alkalosis
“Renal HCO3− excretion”
Treatment for respiratory alkalosis
“Rebreathing techniques
Mixed acid-base disorder definition
“Coexistence of two or more primary disturbances”
Delta ratio use
“Identifies mixed metabolic disorders”
