Hypothalamus Flashcards
The hypothalamus is the part of the diencephalon that extends from the region of the __________ to the caudal border of the ____________
optic chiasma
mammillary bodies
The hypothalamus forms the floor and the inferior part of the lateral walls of the _________.
Third ventricle
The lateral boundary of the hypothalamus is formed by the _______.
Internal capsule
Nuclei of the Medial Zone of the Hypothalamus
Preoptic nucleus Anterior nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Infundibular nucleus Posterior nucleus
Nuclei of the Lateral Zone of the Hypothalamus
Preoptic nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Lateral nucleus Tuberomamillary nucleus Lateral tuberal nucleus
Which efferent fibers of the hypothalamus influence the peripheral neurons of the autonomic nervous system
Descending fibers in the reticular formation to the brainstem and the spinal cord
Which efferent nervous connection of the hypothalamus arises in the mammillary body and terminates in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
Mamillothalamic tract
The efferent neurons of the mamillothalamic tract is relayed to which part of the cerebrum?
Cingulate gyrus
The efferent neurons of the mamillothalamic tract is relayed to which part of the cerebrum?
Cingulate gyrus
The efferent neurons of the hypothalamus arises from the mammillary body and terminates in the cells of the reticular formation in the tegmentum of the midbrain.
Mamillotegmental tract
Which nucleus of the hypothalamus produces the vasopressin?
Supraoptic nucleus
Which nucleus of the hypothalamus produces oxytocin?
Paraventricular nucleus
Oxytocin and vasopressin are passed along axons together with carrier proteins called ______ and are released at the axon terminals to be stored in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.
Neurophysins
Vasopressin also has an important antidiuretic function, causing an increased absorption of water in the _____ and _____ of the kidney.
Distal convoluted tubules and Collecting tubules
Vasopressin also has an important antidiuretic function, causing an increased absorption of water in the _____ and _____ of the kidney.
Distal convoluted tubules and Collecting tubules
Which of the following hypothalamic hormones promotes contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the alveoli and ducts of the breasts and assists in the expression of the milk from the breasts? A. prolactin B. oxytocin C. vasopressin D. somatostatin
B
________ cells situated mainly in the _______ zone of the hypothalamus are responsible for the production of the releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones.
Neurosecretory cells in the medial zone
Releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones are transported along the axons of neurosecretory cells and are released onto fenestrated capillaries at the upper end of the _________.
Hypophyseal portal system
Which branch of the internal carotid artery forms the hypophyseal portal system?
Superior hypophyseal artery
The superior hypophyseal artery enters the _______ and divides into tufts of capillaries.
Median eminence
The release-inhibiting hormones from the hypophyseal portal system inhibit the release of which hormones?
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and Luteotropic hormone (LTH) or Lactogenic hormone or prolactin.
The release of growth hormone is inhibited by growth hormone-inhibiting hormone also known as
Somatostatin
Stimulation of which portion of the hypothalamus results into heat dissipation
Anterior
Stimulation of which portion of the hypothalamus results in shivering?
posterior portion
Bilateral destruction of the hunger center located in the _______ of the hypothalamus results in anorexia with the consequent loss in body weight.
Lateral region
Bilateral destruction of the satiety center located in the ____ of the hypothalamus produces an uncontrolled voracious appetite causing extreme obesity.
Medial region
Stimulation of other areas in the ______ of the hypothalamus causes an immediate increase in the desire to drink water
lateral region
The _________ nucleus of the hypothalamus plays an important role in the rhythm of sleeping and waking.
suprachiasmatic
Which nuclei of the hypothalamus control the parasympathetic system?
Preoptic and anterior nuclei
Which nuclei of the hypothalamus control the sympathetic system?
Posterior and Lateral nuclei
