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NEUROANATOMY S01 > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

The hypothalamus is the part of the diencephalon that extends from the region of the __________ to the caudal border of the ____________

A

optic chiasma

mammillary bodies

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2
Q

The hypothalamus forms the floor and the inferior part of the lateral walls of the _________.

A

Third ventricle

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3
Q

The lateral boundary of the hypothalamus is formed by the _______.

A

Internal capsule

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4
Q

Nuclei of the Medial Zone of the Hypothalamus

A 
Preoptic nucleus
Anterior nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Dorsomedial nucleus
Ventromedial nucleus
Infundibular nucleus
Posterior nucleus
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5
Q

Nuclei of the Lateral Zone of the Hypothalamus

A 
Preoptic nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Lateral nucleus
Tuberomamillary nucleus
Lateral tuberal nucleus
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6
Q

Which efferent fibers of the hypothalamus influence the peripheral neurons of the autonomic nervous system

A

Descending fibers in the reticular formation to the brainstem and the spinal cord

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7
Q

Which efferent nervous connection of the hypothalamus arises in the mammillary body and terminates in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.

A

Mamillothalamic tract

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8
Q

The efferent neurons of the mamillothalamic tract is relayed to which part of the cerebrum?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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8
Q

The efferent neurons of the mamillothalamic tract is relayed to which part of the cerebrum?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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9
Q

The efferent neurons of the hypothalamus arises from the mammillary body and terminates in the cells of the reticular formation in the tegmentum of the midbrain.

A

Mamillotegmental tract

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10
Q

Which nucleus of the hypothalamus produces the vasopressin?

A

Supraoptic nucleus

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11
Q

Which nucleus of the hypothalamus produces oxytocin?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

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12
Q

Oxytocin and vasopressin are passed along axons together with carrier proteins called ______ and are released at the axon terminals to be stored in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.

A

Neurophysins

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13
Q

Vasopressin also has an important antidiuretic function, causing an increased absorption of water in the _____ and _____ of the kidney.

A

Distal convoluted tubules and Collecting tubules

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14
Q

Vasopressin also has an important antidiuretic function, causing an increased absorption of water in the _____ and _____ of the kidney.

A

Distal convoluted tubules and Collecting tubules

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15
Q 
Which of the following hypothalamic hormones promotes contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the alveoli and ducts of the breasts and assists in the expression of the milk from the breasts? 
A. prolactin 
B. oxytocin 
C. vasopressin 
D. somatostatin
A

B

16
Q

________ cells situated mainly in the _______ zone of the hypothalamus are responsible for the production of the releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones.

A

Neurosecretory cells in the medial zone

17
Q

Releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones are transported along the axons of neurosecretory cells and are released onto fenestrated capillaries at the upper end of the _________.

A

Hypophyseal portal system

18
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid artery forms the hypophyseal portal system?

A

Superior hypophyseal artery

19
Q

The superior hypophyseal artery enters the _______ and divides into tufts of capillaries.

A

Median eminence

20
Q

The release-inhibiting hormones from the hypophyseal portal system inhibit the release of which hormones?

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and Luteotropic hormone (LTH) or Lactogenic hormone or prolactin.

21
Q

The release of growth hormone is inhibited by growth hormone-inhibiting hormone also known as

A

Somatostatin

22
Q

Stimulation of which portion of the hypothalamus results into heat dissipation

A

Anterior

23
Q

Stimulation of which portion of the hypothalamus results in shivering?

A

posterior portion

24
Q

Bilateral destruction of the hunger center located in the _______ of the hypothalamus results in anorexia with the consequent loss in body weight.

A

Lateral region

25
Q

Bilateral destruction of the satiety center located in the ____ of the hypothalamus produces an uncontrolled voracious appetite causing extreme obesity.

A

Medial region

26
Q

Stimulation of other areas in the ______ of the hypothalamus causes an immediate increase in the desire to drink water

A

lateral region

27
Q

The _________ nucleus of the hypothalamus plays an important role in the rhythm of sleeping and waking.

A

suprachiasmatic

28
Q

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus control the parasympathetic system?

A

Preoptic and anterior nuclei

29
Q

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus control the sympathetic system?

A

Posterior and Lateral nuclei

NEUROANATOMY S01 (6 decks)

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