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NEUROANATOMY S01 > Basal Nuclei > Flashcards

Basal Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of masses of gray matter within each cerebral hemisphere

A

Basal Nuclei

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2
Q

What consists the basal nuclei?

A

Corpus striatum
Amygdaloid nucleus
Claustrum

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3
Q

What structures consist the Corpus Striatum?

A

Caudate Nucleus

Lentiform Nucleus

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4
Q

This structure almost completely divide the caudate and lentiform nucleus

A

Internal capsule

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5
Q

This is a large C-shaped mass of gray matter that lies lateral to the thalamus.

A

Caudate Nucleus

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6
Q

Which ventricle is associated medially to the head of the caudate nucleus?

A

Lateral ventricle (anterior horn)

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7
Q

Which portion of the lentiform nucleus is continuous with the caudate nucleus, forming the Neostriatum

A

Putamen

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8
Q

Which part of the ventricular system is associated with the region connecting the head and body of the caudate nucleus?

A

Interventricular foramen or Foramen of Monro

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9
Q

The tail of the caudate nucleus is long and slender and is continuous with the body in the region of which specific part of the diencephalon

A

posterior end of the thalamus

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10
Q 
The tail of the caudate nucleus terminates anteriorly in which nucleus?
A. amygdaloid nucleus
B. nucleus solitarius
C. globus pallidus
D. putamen
A

A

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11
Q

This is a wedge-shaped mass of gray matter within the cerebral hemisphere that is related medially to the internal capsule

A

Lentiform nucleus

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12
Q

The lentiform nucleus is related laterally to a thin sheet of white matter, the

A

external capsule

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13
Q

The lentiform nucleus is related laterally to a thin sheet of white matter which separates it from a thin sheet of gray matter, called the __________

A

claustrum

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14
Q

The claustrum separates the external capsule from the subcortical white matter of the insula known as the ____

A

Extreme capsule

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15
Q 
Which of the following is the medial portion of the lentiform nucleus?
A. putamen
B. globus pallidus
C. caudate nucleus
D. lenticular nucleus
A

B

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16
Q

The basal nuclei situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus.

A

Amygdaloid nucleus

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17
Q 
The substantia nigra is located in which part of the brain?
A. pons
B. midbrain
C. diencephalon
D. medulla oblongata
A

B

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18
Q

Which part of the midbrain is functionally related to the basal nuclei?

A

Substantia nigra

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19
Q

Which part of the diencephalon is functionally related to the basal nuclei?

A

Subthalamic nuclei

20
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the corticostriate fibers?

A

Glutamate

21
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the corticostriate fibers?

A

Glutamate

22
Q

Which nucleus of the thalamus send large numbers of axons to the neostriatum?

A

Intralaminar nucleus

23
Q

What neurotransmitter is liberated by the axons of the substantia nigra to the neostriatum?

A

Dopamine

24
Q

What is the function of the nigrostriate fibers?

A

Inhibitory

25
Q

What neurotransmitter is liberated by the axons coming from the brainstem to to the neostriatum?

A

Serotonin

26
Q

Function of the brainstem striatal fibers

A

Inhibitory

27
Q

These fibers pass from the caudate nucleus and putamen to the globus pallidus.

A

Striatopallidal fibers

28
Q

Neurotransmitter of the striatopallidal fibers

A

GABA

29
Q

Neurotransmitters of the striatonigral fibers

A

GABA
Acetylcholine
Substance P

30
Q

What is the collective term for the efferent fibers of the Globus pallidus?

A

Pallidofugal fibers

31
Q

What are the division of the Pallidofugal fibers?

A

Ansa lenticularis
Fasciculus lenticularis
Pallidotegmental fibers
Pallidosubthalamic fibers

32
Q

What structure channels the outflow from the basal ganglia and influences the activities of motor areas of the cerebral cortex and brainstem?

A

Globus pallidus

33
Q

The basal nuclei control muscular movements by influencing the cerebral cortex and have no direct control through ______ pathways to the brainstem and spinal cord.

A

descending pathways

34
Q

This collection of grey mater in the cerebral hemisphere assist in the regulation of voluntary movement and the learning of motor skills.

A

Basal nuclei

35
Q

A hyperkinetic disorder consisting of a rapid, irregular flow of motions, including “piano-playing” flexion-extension movements of the fingers, elevation and depression of the shoulders and hips, crossing and uncrossing of the legs, and grimacing movements of the face.

A

Chorea

36
Q

Patients diagnosed with ________ manifest choreiform movements and progressive dementia with loss of memory and intellectual capacity.

A

Huntington’s chorea

37
Q 
Sydenham’s chorea is associated with what childhood illness?
A. mumps
B. measles
C. rheumatic fever
D. German measles
A

C.
Sydenham’s chorea (St. Vitus’ dance) is a disease of childhood in which there are rapid, irregular, involuntary movements of the limbs, face, and trunk.

38
Q

A hyperkinetic disorder of the basal nuclei characterized by slow, writhing movements of a wormlike character involving the extremities, trunk, and neck.

A

Athetosis

39
Q

Athetosis often occurs with _____, which is the abnormal presence of limb and trunk postures.

A

dystonia

40
Q

Hemiballismus results most often with vascular lesion of the __________

A

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus

41
Q 
A 60-year old male was brought to his physician because he was gradually assuming a stoop posture and developing resting tremors. He has difficulty starting to walk but is unable to stop when he does so. This patient is suffering from which of the following diseases? 
A. Sydenham’s chorea 
B. Parkinson’s disease 
C. Lou Gehrig’s disease 
D. Brown-Sequard syndrome
A

B

42
Q 
The neurons that are affected in Parkinson’s disease are characterized as which of the following?
A. dopaminergic
B. histaminergic
C. cholinergic
D. adrenergic
A

A

43
Q

PD is associated with neuronal degeneration in the _______ and to a lesser extent in the globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus.

A

Substantia nigra

44
Q

Patients with Parkinson’s disease have the following characteristic signs and symptoms:

A

Resting Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural disturbances

44
Q

Patients with Parkinson’s disease have the following characteristic signs and symptoms:

A

Resting Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural disturbances

45
Q

With PD, there is no loss of muscle power nor loss of sensibility, and the deep tendon and plantar reflexes are normal
(YES/NO)

A

YES

NEUROANATOMY S01 (6 decks)

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