Basal Nuclei Flashcards
Collection of masses of gray matter within each cerebral hemisphere
Basal Nuclei
What consists the basal nuclei?
Corpus striatum
Amygdaloid nucleus
Claustrum
What structures consist the Corpus Striatum?
Caudate Nucleus
Lentiform Nucleus
This structure almost completely divide the caudate and lentiform nucleus
Internal capsule
This is a large C-shaped mass of gray matter that lies lateral to the thalamus.
Caudate Nucleus
Which ventricle is associated medially to the head of the caudate nucleus?
Lateral ventricle (anterior horn)
Which portion of the lentiform nucleus is continuous with the caudate nucleus, forming the Neostriatum
Putamen
Which part of the ventricular system is associated with the region connecting the head and body of the caudate nucleus?
Interventricular foramen or Foramen of Monro
The tail of the caudate nucleus is long and slender and is continuous with the body in the region of which specific part of the diencephalon
posterior end of the thalamus
The tail of the caudate nucleus terminates anteriorly in which nucleus? A. amygdaloid nucleus B. nucleus solitarius C. globus pallidus D. putamen
A
This is a wedge-shaped mass of gray matter within the cerebral hemisphere that is related medially to the internal capsule
Lentiform nucleus
The lentiform nucleus is related laterally to a thin sheet of white matter, the
external capsule
The lentiform nucleus is related laterally to a thin sheet of white matter which separates it from a thin sheet of gray matter, called the __________
claustrum
The claustrum separates the external capsule from the subcortical white matter of the insula known as the ____
Extreme capsule
Which of the following is the medial portion of the lentiform nucleus? A. putamen B. globus pallidus C. caudate nucleus D. lenticular nucleus
B
The basal nuclei situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus.
Amygdaloid nucleus
The substantia nigra is located in which part of the brain? A. pons B. midbrain C. diencephalon D. medulla oblongata
B
Which part of the midbrain is functionally related to the basal nuclei?
Substantia nigra
Which part of the diencephalon is functionally related to the basal nuclei?
Subthalamic nuclei
What is the neurotransmitter for the corticostriate fibers?
Glutamate
What is the neurotransmitter for the corticostriate fibers?
Glutamate
Which nucleus of the thalamus send large numbers of axons to the neostriatum?
Intralaminar nucleus
What neurotransmitter is liberated by the axons of the substantia nigra to the neostriatum?
Dopamine
What is the function of the nigrostriate fibers?
Inhibitory
What neurotransmitter is liberated by the axons coming from the brainstem to to the neostriatum?
Serotonin
Function of the brainstem striatal fibers
Inhibitory
These fibers pass from the caudate nucleus and putamen to the globus pallidus.
Striatopallidal fibers
Neurotransmitter of the striatopallidal fibers
GABA
Neurotransmitters of the striatonigral fibers
GABA
Acetylcholine
Substance P
What is the collective term for the efferent fibers of the Globus pallidus?
Pallidofugal fibers
What are the division of the Pallidofugal fibers?
Ansa lenticularis
Fasciculus lenticularis
Pallidotegmental fibers
Pallidosubthalamic fibers
What structure channels the outflow from the basal ganglia and influences the activities of motor areas of the cerebral cortex and brainstem?
Globus pallidus
The basal nuclei control muscular movements by influencing the cerebral cortex and have no direct control through ______ pathways to the brainstem and spinal cord.
descending pathways
This collection of grey mater in the cerebral hemisphere assist in the regulation of voluntary movement and the learning of motor skills.
Basal nuclei
A hyperkinetic disorder consisting of a rapid, irregular flow of motions, including “piano-playing” flexion-extension movements of the fingers, elevation and depression of the shoulders and hips, crossing and uncrossing of the legs, and grimacing movements of the face.
Chorea
Patients diagnosed with ________ manifest choreiform movements and progressive dementia with loss of memory and intellectual capacity.
Huntington’s chorea
Sydenham’s chorea is associated with what childhood illness? A. mumps B. measles C. rheumatic fever D. German measles
C.
Sydenham’s chorea (St. Vitus’ dance) is a disease of childhood in which there are rapid, irregular, involuntary movements of the limbs, face, and trunk.
A hyperkinetic disorder of the basal nuclei characterized by slow, writhing movements of a wormlike character involving the extremities, trunk, and neck.
Athetosis
Athetosis often occurs with _____, which is the abnormal presence of limb and trunk postures.
dystonia
Hemiballismus results most often with vascular lesion of the __________
Contralateral subthalamic nucleus
A 60-year old male was brought to his physician because he was gradually assuming a stoop posture and developing resting tremors. He has difficulty starting to walk but is unable to stop when he does so. This patient is suffering from which of the following diseases? A. Sydenham’s chorea B. Parkinson’s disease C. Lou Gehrig’s disease D. Brown-Sequard syndrome
B
The neurons that are affected in Parkinson’s disease are characterized as which of the following? A. dopaminergic B. histaminergic C. cholinergic D. adrenergic
A
PD is associated with neuronal degeneration in the _______ and to a lesser extent in the globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus.
Substantia nigra
Patients with Parkinson’s disease have the following characteristic signs and symptoms:
Resting Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural disturbances
Patients with Parkinson’s disease have the following characteristic signs and symptoms:
Resting Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural disturbances
With PD, there is no loss of muscle power nor loss of sensibility, and the deep tendon and plantar reflexes are normal
(YES/NO)
YES
