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NEUROANATOMY S01 > Development of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Process whereby the neural plate forms the neural tube

A

Neurulation

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2
Q

Lengthening of the neural plate and body axis by the phenomenon of ___________, whereby there is a lateral to medial movement of cells in the plane of ectoderm and mesoderm.

A

Convergent extension

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3
Q

During the _____ week of development, the ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the embryo between the primitive knot and the buccopharyngeal membrane becomes thickened to form the neural plate

A

Third

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4
Q

The neural folds continue to elevate, approach each other in the midline and finally fuse, forming the _____.

A

Neural tube

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5
Q

Neural fold fusion begins in the _____ region (___ somite) and proceeds in cephalic and caudal directions.

A

Cervical

5th

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6
Q

The cavity of the neural tube remains in communication with the amniotic cavity through the ___________

A

Anterior and posterior neuropores

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7
Q

The Anterior (Cranial) Neuropore closes at the ____-somite stage (____ day)

A

18 to 20 somite stage

25th day of gestation

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8
Q

Posterior (Caudal) Neuropore closes at ____-somite stage (_____ day)

A

25 somite stage

28th day of gestation

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9
Q

Three primary brain vesicles of the cephalic end of the neural tube

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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10
Q

Neural flexure at the junction of the rhombencephalon/hindbrain and spinal cord

A

Cervical flexure

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11
Q

Neural flexure at the midbrain region

A

Cephalic (Mesencephalic) flexure

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12
Q

By ___ week of development, the primary vesicles divide into the secondary vesicles

A

5th

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13
Q

The development of the optic vesicles come from which secondary vesicle?

A

Diencephalon

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14
Q

During the invagination of the neural plate to form the neural groove, the cells forming the _____ margin of the plate form a strip of ectodermal cells that lie between the neural tube and the covering ectoderm

A

Lateral

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15
Q

The strip of ectoderm that migrates ventrolaterally on each side around the neural tube and differentiates into the cells of the posterior root ganglia, the sensory
ganglia of the cranial nerves, autonomic ganglia, the cells of the suprarenal medulla, and the melanocytes.

A

Neural crest

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16
Q

Excessive numbers of neurons and neuroglial cells
are developed, and many (nearly half of the developing neurons) will be programmed to die by a process known as ___________.

A

Programmed cell death

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17
Q

The lateral edges of the neural plate soon elevate to form ________

A

Neural folds

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18
Q

The prosencephalon gives rise to which secondary brain vesicle/s

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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19
Q

In the developing spinal cord, the wall of a recently closed neural tube consists of _______ cells

A

Neuroepithelial cells

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20
Q

Type of epithelium formed in the walls of the neural tube

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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21
Q

What do you call the primitive nerve cells that develop once the neural tube closes?

A

Neuroblast

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22
Q

What do you call the layer that surrounds the neuroepithelium in the developing spinal cord, and what cells form this layer?

A

It’s the mantle layer formed by the neuroblast

23
Q

The layer surrounding the neuroepithelium forms which part of the mature spinal cord?

A

Grey matter

24
Q

What do you call the outermost layer of the developing spinal cord containing nerve fibers from the neuroblast?

A

Marginal layer

25
Q

As a result of myelination, the outermost layer of the developing spinal cord forms which part of the mature spinal cord?

A

White matter

26
Q

As a result of myelination, the outermost layer of the developing spinal cord forms which part of the mature spinal cord?

A

White matter

27
Q

What do you call the ventral thickening of the developing spinal cord?

A

Basal plate

28
Q

The ventral thickening of the developing SC forms which areas of the mature spinal cord?

A

It forms the motor areas of the spinal cord or the anterior gray horn

29
Q

The ventral thickening of the developing SC forms which areas of the mature spinal cord?

A

It forms the motor areas or the anterior gray horn

30
Q

What do you call the dorsal thickening of the developing spinal cord?

A

Alar plates

31
Q

The dorsal thickening of the developing SC forms which areas of the mature spinal cord?

A

It forms the sensory areas or the posterior gray horn

32
Q

In addition to the ventral motor horn and the dorsal sensory horn, a group of neurons accumulates between the two areas and forms a small _____

A

Intermediate horn

33
Q

This horn of the Spinal cord contains the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system

A

Intermediate horn

34
Q

The horn that forms the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system can only be found in which segments of the spinal cord?

A 
Thoracic (T1-T12) and 
Upper Lumbar (L1-L2/L3)
35
Q

Before the cytoplasmic processes appears, the neuroblast, formed by the neuroepithelial cells, start as a/an _______ neuroblast

A

Apolar

36
Q

The processes at one end of the bipolar neuroblast elongates rapidly to form the _______

A

Primitive axon

37
Q

The processes on one end of the neuroblast shows a number of arborizations forming the ________

A

Primitive dendrites

38
Q

These are primitive supporting cells formed by the neuroepithelial cells after stopping the production of neuroblasts

A

Gliablast

39
Q

The gliablast differentiate in to which type of cells once it migrates to the mantle layer?

A

Protoplasmic and Fibrous Astrocytes

40
Q

Which cells, derived from the gliablast, form the myelin sheath around the axons in the marginal layer?

A

Oligodendrocytes

41
Q

These cells, derived from macrophages of the mesenchyme, migrate into the nervous system during fetal life

A

Microglia

42
Q

When neuroepithelial cells cease to produce neuroblasts and gliablasts, they differentiate into ________ cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord.

A

Ependymal cells

43
Q

These are group of cells, appearing along each ends of the neural folds, extend throughout the length of the neural tube

A

Neural crest cells

44
Q

These cells migrate laterally and give rise to the dorsal root ganglia

A

Neural crest cells

45
Q

The Neural crest differentiate into which cells/structures?

A 
(Don't Say She Promised Open Marital Partnership)
DRG
Sympathetic Neuroblast
Schwann cells
Pigment Cells
Odontoblasts
Meninges
Mesenchyme of the pharyngeal arches
46
Q

In the development of spinal nerves, motor nerve fibers begin to appear in the _____ week

A

4th

47
Q

The motor nerve fibers arising from the nerve cells of the basal plates of the spinal cord collect into bundles known as ________

A

Ventral Nerve Roots

48
Q

These are collection of nerve fibers originating in the dorsal root ganglia

A

Dorsal nerve roots

49
Q

The distal processes of the dorsal nerve roots join the ventral nerve roots to form the _______

A

Spinal nerve

50
Q

The dorsal rami from the spinal nerve innervates which structures?

A

Dorsal axial musculature,
Vertebral joints,
Skin of the back

50
Q

The dorsal rami from the spinal nerve innervates which structures?

A

Dorsal axial musculature,
Vertebral joints,
Skin of the back

51
Q

The ventral rami of the spinal nerve innervate which structures?

A

Limbs and Ventral body wall

52
Q

This division of the spinal nerves form the major nerve plexuses

A

Ventral Rami

NEUROANATOMY S01 (6 decks)

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