Hypothalamic-pituitary Relationships

Question 1

A secondary endocrine disorder is when there are low or high levels of hormone due to a defect in what?

Answer 1

Pituitary Gland

Question 2

A tertiary endocrine disorder is when there are low or high levels of hormone due to a defect in what?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

The ACTH family is derived from a single precursor called what?

Answer 3

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)

Question 4

What are the 4 hormones included in the ACTH family?

Answer 4

1) ACTH
2) gamma and beta lipotropin
3) beta endorphin
4) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 5

A primary endocrine disorder is when there are low or high levels of hormone due to a defect in what?

Answer 5

Peripheral endocrine gland (thyroid)

Question 6

Name the disorder: Blood levels of ACTH and therefore MSH are increased because of adrenal insufficiency and loss of negative feedback which causes pigmentation

Answer 6

Addison disease

Question 7

What things inhibit release of TRH from the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

1) stress (physical, starvation, infection)

2) T3 (negative feedback)

Question 8

What is the signaling mechanism for the pituitary thyrotropes in response to TRH?

Answer 8

Increase intracellular Ca and PKC

Question 9

What is the response of a thyroid epithelial cell in response to TSH?

Answer 9

PKA

Question 10

Pituitary adenomas develop in 25% of ppl with what disorder?

Answer 10

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)

Question 11

What is the precursor peptide for ADH?

Answer 11

Prepropressophysin

Question 12

What is the precursor peptide for oxytocin?

Answer 12

Prepro-oxyphysin

Question 13

Secretion of ADH is most sensitive to what?

Answer 13

Increase in plasma osmolarity

Question 14

ADH binds to what receptors in kidneys?

Answer 14

V2

Question 15

ADH binds to what receptors in blood vessels?

Answer 15

V1

Question 16

What signaling pathway does the binding of ADH on V2 receptors of kidneys induce?

Answer 16

CAMP - adenylate cyclase - PKA

Question 17

What aquaporins are inserted on the apical membrane in response to ADH?

Answer 17

Aquaporin 2

Question 18

What aquaporins are inserted in the basolateral membrane in response to ADH?

Answer 18

Aquoporin 3

Question 19

What do you treat central diabetes insipidus with?

Answer 19

Desmopressin (drug that inhibits water excretion)

Question 20

What is the difference between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer 20

Central: damage to pituitary/hypothalamux-lack of ADH

Nephrogenic: inability of kidneys to respond to ADH

Question 21

Does desmopressin work for Nephrogenic DI?

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

Treatment options for SIADH?

Answer 22

• fluid restriction
• IV hypertonic saline (3%)
• V2 receptor antagonist
• Demeclocycline