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Pharamcology Endocrine > Hypothalamic And Pitutary Hormones > Flashcards

Hypothalamic And Pitutary Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Name Anterior pituitary hormones

A
  1. Growth hormone
  2. Prolactin
  3. Gonadotropins
  4. adrenocorticotropic hormone
  5. thyrotropin or TSH
  6. melanocyte stimulating hormone
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2
Q

What are the uses of recombinant human GH (somatotropin and somatrem)

A
  1. growth hormone deficiency in children and adults
  2. AIDS related wasting
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3
Q

Name synthetic analogues of somatostatin

A
  1. Octreotide
  2. Lantreotide
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4
Q

What are the functions of somatostatin

A
  1. Inhibits release of Growth hormone, Insulin, glucagon, gastrin
  2.  construction of hepatic, splanchnic and renal blood vessels
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5
Q

What are the uses of octreotide

A
  1. Acromegaly
  2. sympathetic treatment of various hormones secreting tumours
  3. diarrhoea associated with diabetes
  4. cute control of bleeding from oesophagal varices By constricting hepatic blood vessels
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6
Q

What are the drugs used in acromegaly

A
  1. Somatostatin analogues - inhibit synthesis and release of GH
  2. Dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine and cabergoline  stimulate GH but paradoxically decrease GH in patients with acromegaly
  3. Pegvisomant- GH antagonist used in patients not responding to Somatostatin analogues
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7
Q

CRH is used for diagnosis of what

A

hypercorticism to distinguish between Cushing‘s disease and ectopic ACTH secretion

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8
Q

What are the preparation of FSH

A
  1. Urofollitropin
    2. Follitropin alpha and follotropin beta recombinant forms of FSH
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9
Q

Which hormone produces testosterone

A

LH

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10
Q

Which hormone is responsible for converting testosterones oestrogen

A

FSH

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11
Q

Name recombinant form of LH

A

Lutropin

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12
Q

What hormone is present in urine During pregnancy and is secreted by the placenta and helps to maintain the corpus luteum

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

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13
Q

What are the uses of FSH, LH, and human chorionic gonadotropin

A
  1. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation In assisted reproduction technology
  2. stimulation of spermatogenesis and hypogonodal infertile males 
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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of FSH, LH and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone

A
  1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome (females)
  2. multiple pregnancy in females
  3. gynaecomastia in males
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15
Q

Name a synthetic Gonadotropin releasing hormone that is useful to test function of pituitary gonadal axis

A

Gonadorelin

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16
Q

Name gonadotropin Releasing hormone analogues

A
  1. Leuprolide
  2. Nafarelin
  3. Buserelin
  4. Goserelin
  5. Triptorelin
17
Q

Which Gonadotropin releasing hormone Analogue Is available as a nasal spray

A

Nafarelin

18
Q

What are the uses of gonodotropin releasing hormone analogues

A
  1. Prostatic carcinoma
  2. precocious puberty
  3. Breast cancer in premenopausal woman
  4. Uterine fibroid, endometriosis
  5. Polycystic ovarian disease
  6. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproduction
    
19
Q

What are the universe effects of releasing gonodotropin hormone analogues

A
  1. Hot flashes
  2. loss of libido
  3. vaginal dryness
20
Q

Name gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist

A
  1. Cetrorelix
  2. Ganirelix
  3. Degarelix
21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

Competitively blocks Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors in anterior pituitary and inhibits LH & FSH

22
Q

What is the function of Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists

A
  1. Males: decreased testosterone levels - useful in advanced prostate cancer
  2. Females: to suppress LH surge during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
23
Q

Which catecholamine/catecholamine agonist Inhibits prolactin secretion

A

Dopamine/dopamine agonists

24
Q

What causes hyperprolactinaemia

A
  1. Dopamine antagonist
  2. prolactin secreting Pituitary adenomas
25
Q

Name ergot and non ergot Dopamine agonists

A
  1. Bromocriptine, pergolide, cabergoline (ergot derived)
  2. Quinagolide (non ergot)
26
Q

What are the pharmacological action of bromocriptine

A
  1. Inhibits prolactin release
  2. increases GH level
  3. relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s
  4. can cause nausea and vomiting due to stimulation of dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone
  5. can cause hypertension to the alpha adrenergic blockade
27
Q

What are the uses of bromocriptine

A
  1. Parkinsonism
  2. restless leg syndrome
  3. acromegaly
  4. hyperprolactinaemia
28
Q

What are the adverse effects of bromocriptine

A
  1. G.I. - nausea, vomiting, constipation
  2. CVS - postural hypotension alpha adrenergic blockade
  3. CNS - hallucinations, confusion and psychosis

Pharamcology Endocrine (9 decks)

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