Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones Flashcards
Which hormones work on GPCR Galpha-s
beta adrenergics LH, FSH, TSH glucagon PTH, PTHrP ACTH GHRH, CRH
G alpha stimulating R has what type signaling pathway
stimulates adenylyl cyclase that inc cAMP» calmodulin/Ca dependent kinases
Galpha inhibitory works how
inhibits adenylyl cyclase that stops cAMP production
activates K and Ca channels
what hormones work on Galpha inhibitory
alpha adrenergics
somatostatin
what hormones work on G alpha 1 and alpha11
TRH and GnRH
how do Galphaq and alpha 11 signal
phospholipase C!!!, DAG, IP3, PKC, vCaChannels
which hormones work thorugh RTKs
insulin and IGF-1
the insulin R dimerizes
what are the effectors for insulin and IGF-1
tyrosine kinases, IRS-1 to IRS4 and IGF-1R
signaling pathway of RTK
MAP kinases IP-3kinase and RSK
what hormones work on cytokine R linked kinase
GH and PRL
what are the effectors for cytokine R linked kinase
JAK and Tyrosine kinase
what are the signaling pathways for cytokine R linked kinase
STAT, MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, IRS-1 and IRS-2
what hormone works on serine kinase R and effector?
TGF-b
serine/threonine kinase
signaling pathway for TGF-b
Smads
Which Receptors regulate gene transcription
nuclear R
What are types of nuclear R
steroid R
R for retinoic acid and vit D
what type of illnesses are associated with dysfcuntional nuclear R systems
inflammation, cancer, DM, CV disease, obesity and repro disorders
what hormones modulate release of GH from anterior pituitary
hypothalamic GRrH + to GH release
hypothalamic somatostatin - to GH release
target organs for GH and somatotropin
target organ hormone
liver bone, muscle, kidney
IGF-1
what modulates release to TSH from anterior pituitary
hypothalamic TRH increases TSH release
wehre does TSH act and what is the primary target organ hormone
thyroid, thryoxine and triiodothyronine
what increases ACTH release from anterior pituitary
corticotropin releasing hormone
where does ACTH work and what hormone does it increase
adrenal cortex and increases cortisol release
gonadoptropin releasing hormone increases what from ant pituitary
FSH and LH
where do FSH and LH work
gonads to increase estrogen, progesterone and testosterone
dopamine inhibits release of what
prolactin which works on breast tissue
GnRH in pulses sitmulates what
LH and FSH release
when GnRH is released continuously what occurs
inhibits LH and FSH through down regulation of GnRH Receptors
what drug do we have similar to GH
somatotropin
What is the IGF-1 agonist
mecasermin
what are the somatostatin analogs
ocreotide
what is the GH antagonist
pegvisomant
what are the dopamine agonists
bromocriptine and cabergoline
What are the vasopressin R agonists
vasopressin and desmopressin
what are the vasopressin R antagonists
conivaptan, tolvaptan
effects of somatotropin
sitmulate longitudinal bone growth until epiphyses close
anabolic effects in muscle, catabolic in lipid cells
when do you use somatotropin therapeutically
GH deficiency
ped patients with short stature (prader willi, turner, noonan)
chronic wasting in AIDS patients
short bowel syndrome
What is difference of mecasermin and mecasermin rinfabate
rinfabate extends half life
clinical uses mecasermin
IGF-1 deficiency not responsive to rhGH theapy
children with GH gene deletionsor have developed neutralizing Ab
adverse effect of mecasermin
hypoglycemia
What are the 2 strategies for GH antagonists
reduce secretion of GH (somatostatin analogs)
block aciton of GH at R level (GH R antagonist)
how do somatostatin analogs work
inhibit release of GH and glucagon, insulin, gastrin and other hormones)
what drug is more potent than somatostain in inhibiting GH and insulin secretion
octreotide and lanreotide
Octreotide and lanreotide are used when
anterior pituitary adenomas that secrete GH (acromegaly and gigantism)
adverse effects somatostatin analogs
nausea, vomting, GI (steatorrhea, gallstones)
CV effects: sinus brady and conduction disturbances
MOA pegvisomant
GH R antagonists that inhibits binding of GH thus preventing signal transduction
what is used to Tx hyperPRL
dopamine agonists
MOA bromocriptine and Cabergonline
dopamine D2 R agonists (dec PRL)
clinical uses of hyperPRL
acromegaly, Parkinson
shrink pituitary PRL secreting tumors
adverse effects bromocriptine and Cabergonline
nausea, HA, light-headedness, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue
what is different about posterior pituitary hormones from anterior
posterior do not use a portal system
there is no positive regulation, act directly on target tissues
MOA vasopressin
agonist on vasopressin V1V2 R
acivation vasopressin R 1 causes what? V2?
V1: vasoconstriciton
V2: stimulate aquaporin in kidneys to increase water resorption
clinal uses of vasopressin
pituitary DI, hemophilia A, vWdisease
what drug has longer half life to vasopressin
desmopressin
MOA conivaptan and tolvaptan
antagonists to V2 R
promote excretion of free water resulting in net fluid loss, increased urine output, dec urine osmolality
clinical uses of conivaptan and tolvaptan
Tx of clinically significant hypervolemic or euvolemic hyponatremia( HF, cirrhosis or SIADH)
