Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones

Question 1

List the neurohormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 1

oxytocin and ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 2

How does the posterior pituitary gland maintain neural connection to the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

via hypothalamic hypophyseal tract

Question 3

The posterior pituitary gland is made up mostly of ____ _______ of hypothalamic ________

Answer 3

axon terminals, neurons

Question 4

The anterior pituitary gland maintains vascular connection to the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal ____ ______

Answer 4

portal system

Question 5

List the main traits of ADH.

Answer 5

regulates osmolarity, release triggered by pain, low BP and drugs, inhibited by alcohol and diuretics

Question 6

Differentiate between thyroid hormones T4 and T3

Answer 6

T4- major TH produced, pro hormone
T3- most biologically active form, can be made in peripheral tissue from T4

Question 7

List the effects of TH

Answer 7

increase basal metabolic rate, heat production, maintains BP, regulates tissue growth and development,

Question 8

List the effects of adrenal hormone glucocorticoids

Answer 8

stimulate increase in glucose, modulate immune system

Question 9

List the cause and symptoms of Cushing’s disease (hypercortisolism)

Answer 9

cause- glucocorticoid treatment or pit/adrenal tumour
symptoms- cataracts, ulcers, skin, HTN, infections, necrosis, glycosuria, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, DM

Question 10

List the causes and symptoms of Addison’s disease (hypocortisolism)

Answer 10

causes- adrenal damage, cancer, trauma
symptoms- sudden penetrating pain in legs, vomiting, diarrhea, low BP, syncope, fever, convulsions

Question 11

Adrenal hormones- glucocorticoids
______ hormones produced in response to ____

Answer 11

steroid, stress

Question 12

adrenal hormones- mineralocorticoids
list the type of hormone and its functions

Answer 12

steroid, regulates renal function, BP, maintains sodium and potassium balance

Question 13

adrenal hormones- androgens
list the type of hormone and its main functions

Answer 13

steroid, contributes to sex drive in women and onset of puberty in both sexes

Question 14

HPS Growth hormone
blocked by _______, produced by _____ ______ ______, acts on organ to produce _______ _______, promotes normal body ___ _______, regulates metabolism

Answer 14

somatostatin, anterior pituitary gland, another hormone, cell growth

Question 15

posterior pituitary gland made of ______
____. anterior pituitary gland made of ___ ______.

Answer 15

neural tissue, glandular tissue

Question 16

Label the hormones released at each point
HPT
hypothalamus releases _______ to the ant pit. which releases ________ in response to the _______ gland which releases ___ and ________

Answer 16

TRH, TSH, thyroid, T3, T4

Question 17

Label the hormones released at each point
HPA
Hypothalamus releases CRH causing ant pit to release ____ in response, goes the the ______ gland which releases ________

Answer 17

ACTH, adrenal, cortisol

Question 18

Give the main example of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid

Answer 18

glucocorticoid - cortisol
mineralocorticoid - aldosterone