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ENT > HYPOPHARYNX > Flashcards

HYPOPHARYNX Flashcards

1
Q

Plummer Vinson Syndrome is AKA __________________

A

Patterson Brown Kelly Syndrome

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2
Q

PVS is characterized by

A

Dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, koilonychia, glossitis, angular stomatitis, and achlorhydia, and atrophy of the mucosa of GI tract

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3
Q

PVS age and gender affected

A

female past 40

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4
Q

Dx of PVS

A

barrium swallow and esophagoscopy shows a web in post cricoid region

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5
Q

How is web formed in PVS?

A

Web is formed due to subepithelial fibrosis

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6
Q

In PVS there is increased risk of developing

A

Post cricoid CA

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7
Q

Treatment of PVS includes

A

Oral and parenteral iron
B12, B6
Dilatation of esophagus by bougies

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8
Q

What is Zenker’s Diverticulum

A

Mucosa herniates through Kilian’s Dehiscence (a week area between inferior constrictor muscle

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9
Q

Explain the pathyphysiology of the ZD

A

Spasms of the muscles (cricopharyngeal sphinter) during swallowing

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10
Q

Age of Zenker diverticulum

A

After 60 years

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11
Q

Why and when does the food enter in the pharyngeal pouch?

A

Mouth of the sac is wider than esophagus so all the food enters the sac

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Zenker Diverticulum?

A

Dysphagia
Aspiration pneumonia
Cough
Gurgling sound produced during swallowing

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13
Q

How to diagnose Zenker Diverticulum?

A

Barium swallow

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14
Q

What is treatment for Zenker Diverticulum?

A

Excision
Dohlman Procedure
Endoscopic Laser Surgery

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15
Q

CA of pyriform sinus is common in __________

A

middle-aged men

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16
Q

CA of post cricoid is common in __________

A

young females

17
Q

What is the presentation of CA of pyriform sinus?

A

remain asymptomatic, pricking sensation + bilateral cervical nodes involvement + refered pain + local symptoms

18
Q

What is the presentation of CA of post-cricoid?

A

Dysphagia
Malnutrition
Weight loss
Bilateral paratracheal nodal involvement

19
Q

How to diagnose CA pyriform sinus?

A

Mirror examination, barium swallow, CT, and endoscopy

20
Q

How to diagnose CA post-cricoid?

A

Laryngeal crepitus is lost
X-ray shows increased prevertebral shadow
Barium swallow

21
Q

Treatment of CA pyriform sinus

A

Radiotherapy
Total laryngectomy and pharyngectomy are done
The pharyngoesophageal segment is reconstructed

22
Q

Treatment option for CA post-cricoid

A

Laryngo-pharyngo-esophagectomy + Radiotherapy

23
Q

Which one of the following has a poor prognosis?
CA pyriform sinus/CA post-cricoid

A

CA post-cricoid

ENT (12 decks)

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