Esophagus Flashcards
Acute esophagitis symptoms
Dysphagia
Retrosternal burning
Hematemesis
Dx of acute esophagitis
X rays
Esophagoscopy
Causes of perforation of esophagus
Instrumental trauma
Spontaneous rupture
What is Boerhaave syndrome?
Postemetic rupture ofall the layers of esophagus
Dx of perforation of esophagus
Pain and fever dysphagia surgical emphysema
Cervical rupture
Thoracic rupture has hamman sign and pneumothorax
Hamman sign means?
Crunching sound over the heart
Dx of Perforation is by
X rays
Perforation tx
Stop oral intake
Ivf and antibiotics
Drainage
________ are more destructive and penetrate deep into the layers of esophagus
Alkalis
_______ can cause fatal mediastinis and peritonitis
Lye burns
Pathology of corrosive burns
Necrosis
Granulations
Strictures
Common complaint of patients with esophageal stricture?
Dysphagia first to solids and then to liquids
Tx of stricture
Prograde dilatation with bougies
Gastrostomy
Excision if stricture
What is hiatal hernia and its types
Displacement of stomach into chest through diaphragm
Sliding hernia (hematemesis)
Paraesophageal hernia (dyspnea on exertion)
What is globus pharyngeus and its treatment?
Psychogenic lump in the throat
Give reassurance
Hyper motility disorders of esophagus include
Cricopharyngeal spasm
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Nut cracker esophagus
Hypomotility disorders of esophagus
Cardiac achalasia (Heller operation)
GERD
Scleroderma (cutaneous lesions)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
What is Schatzki ring?
Ring at the junction of squamous and columnar epithelium of lower end of the esophagus
Disturbance in lubrication is
Mikulicz disease
Dysphagia lusoria
Vascular rings
If dysphagia is sudden in onset?
Foreign body
Malignancy
Neurological disorders
Stricture
If dysphagia is progressive
Malignancy
If dysphagia is intermittent
Spasm due to organic lesions
If dysphagia is more to liquid
Paralytic lesion (cardiac achalasia)
If dysphagia is more to solids progressing to liquids
Malignancy or stricture
If there is intolerance to acid food or fruit juices
Ulcerative lesions
If there is regurgitation and heart burn
Hiatus hernia
If there is regurgitation of food while lying down with cough at night
Hypopharyngeal diverticulum
If there is hx of aspiration in lungs or into nose
Laryngeal paralysis or palatal paralysis
Most common cancer of esophagus
Squamous cell carcinoma
