BENIGN CONDITIONS OF LARYNX

Question 1

What is Reinke’s Edema

Answer 1

Bilateral symmetrical fusiform subepithelial swelling of the vocal cords

Question 2

Reinke’s edema is most commonly seen in?

Answer 2

Middle aged men and women

Question 3

What is the etiology of Reinke’s edema?

Answer 3

Smoking
Misuse of voice
Chronic sinusitis

Question 4

Amyloid tumors in the larynx are associated with ____________ and ____________

Answer 4

Autoimmune diseases
Multiple myeloma

Question 5

The amyloid tumor presents as _________ mass that can be removed surgically

Answer 5

submucosal

Question 6

Symptom of amyloid tumor in the larynx

Answer 6

Hoarseness

Question 7

What is intubation granuloma?

Answer 7

The lesion presents bilaterally on the posterior third of vocal cords usually due to rough or prolonged intubation/ intubation performed with a large tube

Question 8

Management of intubation granuloma

Answer 8

Rest the voice box
Endoscopic removal of granuloma

Question 9

What is vocal contact ulcer granuloma?

Answer 9

Arytenoid vocal process hammer each other causing ulcers and congestion of the mucosa → granuloma formed

Question 10

Etiology of Contact Ulcer granuloma

Answer 10

Misuse of voice
Gastric reflux

Question 11

What are the symptoms of vocal contact ulcer granuloma?

Answer 11

Hoarseness
Desire to clean the throat
Pain on phonation

Question 12

Management of VCUG

Answer 12

Antireflux therapy
Speech therapy
Intralesional injection/Inhaled steroids
Micro laryngeal surgey

Question 13

Management of VCUG

Answer 13

Antireflux therapy
Speech therapy
Intralesional injection/Inhaled steroids
Micro laryngeal surgery

Question 14

Explain the features of vocal nodules

Answer 14

Bilateral nodules on the Anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of the cord usually seen in singers, teachers, actors.
Hyperplastic epithelium

Question 15

Management of vocal nodules

Answer 15

Use less voice - small nodules
Surgery/Operating microscope/Cold instrument/Laser for large nodule

Question 16

Explain features of vocal polyp

Answer 16

Unilateral
Present on anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 junction
Presents as hoarseness, stridor, dyspnea, choking, and diplophonia

Question 17

Etiology of vocal polyp

Answer 17

Allergy
Smoking
Misuse of voice

Question 18

What is laryngocele?

Answer 18

Air-filled cystic swelling when the ventricles enlarge and become abnormally dilated

Question 19

What are the symptoms of laryngocele?

Answer 19

It presents with hoarseness, cough and, if large, airway obstruction
It might be associated with carcinoma

Question 20

Types of laryngocele

Answer 20

Internal
External (herniated)
Combined

Question 21

Who are at risk of developing laryngocele?

Answer 21

Trumpet players

Question 22

Presentation of external laryngocele

Answer 22

An external laryngocele is a reducible bulge in the neck which increases on coughing or on performing Valsalva.

Question 23

What is the treatment of laryngocele?

Answer 23

Excision
Marsupilization

Question 24

What are the types of squamous papilloma?

Answer 24

Juvenile (viral in origin)
Adult onset (30-50 years, males)

Question 25

____________ virus predisposes the child to get squamous papilloma.

Answer 25

HPV 6 and 11

Question 26

Location of Squamous papilloma

Answer 26

Juvenile → Supraglottic, Glottic Adult onset → Anterior 1/2 of vocal cord or Anterior commissure

Question 27

____________ papilloma, in contrast to ____________ type, does not recur after surgical removal

Answer 27

Adult-onset papilloma, in contrast to juvenile type, does not recur after surgical removal

Question 28

Treatment of squamous papilloma

Answer 28

Microlaryngeal surgery CO2 laser CUp forceps debrider Interferon Alpha 2 Cl

Question 29

Chrondroma Which cartilage? Symptoms? Dx Treatment

Answer 29

Cricoid cartilage Dyspnea, lump in the throat CT, Biopsy (CO2 laser) Excison by laryngofissure or lateral pharyngotomy or laryngectomy is tumor is large

Question 30

Hemangioma Types? Location? Symptoms? Treatment?

Answer 30

Juvenile (capillary) → Subglottic → Stridor in first 6 months → Tracheostomy and CO2 laser Adult (cavernous) → Supraglottic or glottic → Obstruction and Hoarseness → Steroids and Radiotherapy

Question 31

What are the features of Granular cell tumor?

Answer 31

Schwann cells in submucosa Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia resembling well differentiated CA Tx is excision