Hypoparathyroidism Flashcards
1
Q
causes
A
congenital absence (DiGeorge syndrome) destruction (surgery, radiotherapy and malignancy) AI (can have other AI associations e.g. vitiligo and hypomagnesaemia)
2
Q
presentation
A
- tetany= neuromuscular irritability
- fractures
- altered mental state (emotional lability, anxiety, depression, confusion and psychosis)
- calcification of lens and cataract formation
- prolonged QT interval
- dental abnormalities
3
Q
diagnosis
A
low calcium, low PTH and high serum phosphate
idiopathic antibodies
Chvostek’s sign
Trousseau’s sign
4
Q
management
A
calcium supplements
vitamin D tablets (alphacalcidol and cholecalciferol)
5
Q
cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism
A
genetic defect in Gs alpha subunit (gene GNAS1) leading to low calcium and normal/high PTH
there is abnormality in the PTH receptor leading to resistance
6
Q
presentation of pseudohypoparathyroidism
A
McCune Albright obesity subcutaenous calcification learning disability BUZZWORD= brachydactyly 4th metacarpal
7
Q
diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism
A
low calcium
high PTH
high phosphate
8
Q
pseudo- pseudohypoparathyroidism
A
albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy but no alteration in PTH
