Hypogonadism in males

Question 1

Main groups of causes of hypogonadism in males

Answer 1

Genetic: Klinefelter syndrome, Del Castillo syndrome, Noonan syndrome

Central: Kalmann syndrome, Prader-Willi-Labhart syndrome, pituitary insufficiency, hyperprolactinemia

Question 2

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 2

One extra X-chromosome.

Clinically: smaller testes, no spermatogenesis, gynecomastia, breast cancer

Question 3

Del Castillo syndrome

Answer 3

Absence of spermatozoa, male sterility without sexual abnormality, normal secondary male features

Question 4

Noonan syndrome

Answer 4

Autosomal dominant congenital disorder. Male Turner syndrome. Cryptorchidism.

Principal features of Noonan syndrome: congenital heart defects, short stature, learning problems, impaired blood clotting

Question 5

Prader-Willi-Labhart syndrome

Answer 5

Leads to GnRH deficiency, obesity, low body height, new born hypotony, DM type 1, Strabismus (lack of coordination between extraocular muscles), scoliosis, mental retardation