hypoglycemia

Question 1

causes of hypoglycemia

Answer 1

insulinoma, extrapancreatic tumors, addison’s, liver disease, sepsis, insulin overdose. starvation in young (ketones for energy not good for young because they can’t make ketones.??) XYLITOL INTOXICATION

Question 2

clinical signs

Answer 2

anxiety, tachycardia, bizarre behavior, weakness, ataxia, muscle twitching, dementia, seizures. dont delay giving glucose.

Question 3

treatment

Answer 3

dont waste time testing, give glucose immediately. if diabetic and gave insulin that morning, and gave cat glucose, remember that more insulin in the body. might need to keep giving glucose

Question 4

common cause of hypoglycemia

Answer 4

insulin treatment. regular insulin-first couple hours. NPH, vesulin, 3-4 hours.

Question 5

clinical signs of insulinoma

Answer 5

episodic neuroglycopenia. hypooglycorachia. inappropriate hyperinsulinemia with concomitant hypoglycemia.

Question 6

amended insulin-glucose ratio

Answer 6

i/g = insulin unites/ml x 100 / blood glucose -30 >50 suggests insulinoma in appropriate clinical setting

Question 7

insulinoma

Answer 7

adenocarcimonas. metastasis. darkly pigmented endocrine tumor, heavily vascularized. liver damage look for. middle age + no breed predilection.

Question 8

beta cell adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

irratic secretion of insulin. guarded to grave prognosis.

Question 9

clinical signs of insulinoma

Answer 9

episodic neuroglycopenia. hypooglycorachia. inappropriate hyperinsulinemia with concomitant hypoglycemia.

Question 10

amended insulin-glucose ratio

Answer 10

i/g = insulin unites/ml x 100 / blood glucose -30 >50 suggests insulinoma in appropriate clinical setting

Question 11

pediatric hypoglycemia

Answer 11

not eaten for 24hrs already hypoglycemic. parasites, infection. if not feed it before surgery, is problem. give dextrose in pre-op. otherwise bad for brain. not a lot of reserve in liver. 50% dextrose 1ml/kilo emergency dose

Question 12

refractory hypoglycemia

Answer 12

glucagon.

Question 13

insulinoma medical tx

Answer 13

frequent freeding. diazoxide, prednisone, octreotide-nephrotoxic, propranolol, phenytoin, amlodipine, verapamil, but tumor because resistant to these drugs.

Question 14

most common site for metastasis

Answer 14

liver. always check

Question 15

pediatric hypoglycemia

Answer 15

not eaten for 24hrs already hypoglycemic. parasites, infection. if not feed it before surgery, is problem. give dextrose in pre-op. otherwise bad for brain. not a lot of reserve in liver. 50% dextrose 1ml/kilo emergency dose

Question 16

hypoglycemia in sepsis

Answer 16

gram neg bacteria and endotoxins. inhibits gluconeogensis, hepatic glycogenalysis, shif to anaerobic metabolism- not as much ATP

Question 17

paraneoplastic hypolycemia

Answer 17

tumor produce igf2. produce insulin like protein. treat the tumor fix the problem

Question 18

hypoglycemia of pregnant dog

Answer 18

near term, weak and wobbly, hypoglycemic. give dextrose, or c-section.

Question 19

addisonian

Answer 19

lack glucocorticoids. lack gluconeogenesis, energy availability drop. ACTH. no cortisol.