calcium

Question 1

increase and decrease

Answer 1

h+ increases ionized calcium, alkalosis decreased ionized calcium.

Question 2

calcium physiology

Answer 2

parathyroid produce pth– calcium resorption from bone, vitamin d at gut. pth at kidney, phosphorus excretion, calcium resporbed. vitamin d ingested, goes to liver and kidney, calcitriol cholecalciferol. erythreopoeitin production.

Question 3

hypercalcemia

Answer 3

total serum calcium and ionized calcium. >12, >1.42.
mechanisms- pth carcinomas, adenomas. kidenys calcium retention, bone resorption. hypophosphatemia. primary hyperparathyroidism. hypercalcemia from too much vitamin d. hypervitaminosis d.

Question 4

causes of hypercalcemia

Answer 4

most common- hyper of malignancy. lymphoma and anal sac carcinoma. primary hyperparathyroidism. pth tumor, or idipathic hyperplasia. osteolytic met. hyper vit d. jessamine ingestion. secondary renal hyperpth. addisons (insig). granulomatous disease, idiopathic in some cats

Question 5

signs of hypocalcemi

Answer 5

anorexia vomit depression weakness, pu/pd dehydration abdominal discomfort constipation. urinary calculi

Question 6

workup for hypercalcemia

Answer 6

thorogh hx, pe, include rectal. hemogram, serum chemistry, UA, chest, ab radiographs. bone marrow aspirate for myeloma and tumors, plasma PTh- primary hyperpth. pthrp- cancer. serum eph for myeloma. bence-jones for myeloma finla needle aspirate for granuloma/tumor. both primary and renal seconary hyperpth can increase serum pth.

Question 7

primary pth

Answer 7

high calcium, low P, high PTH, no PTHrp