Hypertension, PVD, Stroke

Question 1

HTN is defined as

Answer 1

140/90

Question 2

What is malignant HTN?

Answer 2

rapidly rising BP wit accelerated renal failure.
Can cause retinal hemorrhagic exudates
Usually occurs in 40s

Question 3

What is atriopeptin?

Answer 3

hormone secreted by the heart atria in response to volume expansion. Causes decreased Na reabsorption.

Question 4

Three causes of increased peripheral resistance?

Answer 4

1. Behavioral/Neurogenic
2. Increased release of vasoconstrictive agents (renin, catecholamine, endothelin)
3. Increased sensitivity of smooth mucle to vasoconstrictor effects

Question 5

Environmental factors that promote HTN?

Answer 5

Stress, Obesity, Smoking, Inactivity, Heavy salt consumption

Question 6

Who gets hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Answer 6

Elderly, Diabetics

Benign Nephrosclerosis

Question 7

Cause of hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Answer 7

Leakage of plasma components, increased ECM in the smooth muscle layers. This causes a homogenous, thick, pink lining of the walls of arterioles and narrows their lumen.

Question 8

Cause of hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis.

Answer 8

Acute/Severe elevation of BP
Malignant HTN with Diastolic over 110
Assoc. w/ fibrinoid+acute necrosis

Question 9

What happens to arterioles in hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis?

Answer 9

Onionskin (concentric laminated thickening of walls or arterioles, narrowed lumen, thickened BM)

Question 10

Effect of chronic ischemia of carotid arteries?

Answer 10

Cerebral atrophy

Organic Brain Syndrome

Question 11

Effect of Intermittet hypoperfusion from femoral?

Answer 11

Claudication

Question 12

Effect o infarction of femoral artery?

Answer 12

Gengrene

Question 13

Effect of chronic ischemia of the mesenteric arteries?

Answer 13

Mucosal infarction

Question 14

Effect of intermittent hypoperfusion of the mesenterics?

Answer 14

Ischemic colitis

Question 15

Effect of infarction of the mesenterics

Answer 15

Mural Infarction