Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Pathology > Hypertension, Atheroma and Thrombosis > Flashcards

Hypertension, Atheroma and Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Conn’s Syndrome an excess of?

A

excess Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome an excess of?

A

excess excess corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Phaeochromocytoma an excess of?

A

noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can left hypertrophy cause?

A 
Increased LV Load
Poor perfusion 
Interstitial fibrosis
Micro infarcts
Diastolic dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does subarachnoid haemorrhage involve rupture of?

A

Berry aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In maligant hypertension, what is the diastolic blood pressure?

A

> 130-140

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is papilloedema?

A

Swelling of optic disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy suggests what?

A

pre-eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does this describe: Narrowing of arterial lumen, reduced elasticity, reduced flow in systole, tissue ischaemia?

A

Arterial stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens if aterial stenosis occurs in peripheral arteries?

A

Claudication and food/leg ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does plaque rupture often trigger?

A

thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does this describe: Splitting within the media by flowing blood?

A

arterial dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which syndrome is a risk for arterial dissection?

A

Marfan’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ischaemia the result of?

A

impaired vascular perfusion depriving the affected tissue of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can ischaemia be reversed?

A

yes (depending on many factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is infarction?

A

ischaemic necrosis (death) of a tissue or organ secondary to occlusion/reduction of the arterial supply or venous drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 aspects of Virschow’s triad?

A
  • Change in blood flow (stasis or turbulence)
  • Change in coagulability (hypercoagulability)
  • Change in vessel wall (endothelial damage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What produces the EC matrix?

A

endothelial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is blood flow normally in vessels?

A

laminar

20
Q

Do arterial thrombi show lines of Zahn?

A

Yes

21
Q

What are phlebothromboses?

A

venous thrombi

22
Q

What colour are venous thrombi?

A

reddish/blue

23
Q

In what circumstance do venous emboli do cause infarcts in peripheral arterial circulation?

A

Atrial/Ventricular Septal Defect
‘Paradoxical Embolus’
Exceptionally rare

24
Q

Arteriosclerosis is the generic term for which 3 disease patterns?

A

-Atherosclerosis (Intimal)
-Monckeberg Medial Calcific Sclerosis (Calcification of medium sized arteries in those >50yrs)
Arteriolosclerosis (Small arteries and arterioles, Hyaline and hyperplastic types)

25
Q

What is arteriosclerosis associated with?

A

Associated with diabetes mellitus and hypertension

26
Q

Does changing posture/position help pericarditis?

A

Yes

27
Q

What are symptoms of a DVT?

A

pain,
swelling,
redness,
hot/inflamed

28
Q

What imaging can be done for a DVT?

A

Duplex scanning

29
Q

How long should TED compression stockings be given for a DVT?

A

6 weeks

30
Q

What are symptoms of a PE?

A

SOB
Collapse
Pleuritic Chest Pain
Haemoptysis

31
Q

What are signs of a PE?

A 
Wheeze
Tachycardia
Fourth heart sound 
Accentuated pulmonic component of the second heart sound 
Pleural Rub
Oligemia on CXR (segmental loss of pulmonary vasculature) 
Signs of Pleural effusion 
Consolidation on CXR
32
Q

What drug treatment is associated with a lower rate of recurrent PE?

A

Induction period with heparin of 5 days

33
Q

What does this describe: the patient is pain-free at rest, but after variable periods of exercise develops ischaemic pain in the affected limb, which is relieved by further rest.

A

Intermittent claudication

34
Q

What are non invasive investigations in chronic lower leg ischaemia?

A

Measurement of ABPI (Ankle Brachial Pressure Index)

Duplex ultrasound scanning

35
Q

What are invasive investigations in chronic lower leg ischaemia?

A

Magnetic resonance angiography
CT angiography
Catheter angiography

36
Q

What are symptoms of critical leg ischaemia?

A 
Pain at rest
Requires strong analgesia
Worse at night
Helped by sitting and putting the leg in a dependent position
Helped by getting up and walking about
37
Q

Are males or females more likely to develop aortic aneurysms?

A

Males

38
Q

What are investigations for aortic aneurysms?

A

Ultrasound Scan

CT Scan

39
Q

Which leg veins are deep?

A

tibials, popliteal femoral

40
Q

Which leg veins are superficial?

A

saphenous and perforators

41
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Dilated, tortuous superficial veins, due to transmission of deep vein pressure

42
Q

Do you often get varicose veins after a DVT?

A

yes

43
Q

Are varicose veins more prominent standing or sitting?

A

standing

44
Q

What is chronic venous insufficiency?

A

irreversible skin damage as result of sustained ambulatory venous hypertension

45
Q

When are compression stockings contraindicated?

A

low ABPI

Cardio Pathology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions