Heart Failure Flashcards
What are common causes of left sided heart failure?
Cardiomyopathy, Valvular disease
What are common causes of right sided heart failure?
2y to Left heart failure
Cor pulmonale
Congenital heart disease
What are symptoms of heart failure?
Dyspnoea on exertion/rest Orthopnoea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Pulmonary oedema (sudden dyspnoea pink, frothy sputum)
What are the chest x ray signs of left ventricular failure?
Cardiomegaly
Bats wing shadows esp. lower zones
Interstitial fluid
What are the chest x ray signs of right ventricular failure?
normal
What are signs of LVF?
Tachycardia Fine crepitations Pleural effusion S3 (Gallop rhythm = S3 + Tachycardia)
What are signs of RVF?
Oedema (ankle/sacral)
JVP elevated (>4cm above sternal angle)
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
How do you treat heart failure caused by Cor Pulmonale?
Diuretics and Oxygen only
How do you treat heart failure caused by AF?
digoxin or DC shock
How do you treat heart failure caused by vascular disease?
Surgery ideally
What is the standard medical treatment for CCF?
Diuretics to excrete retained fluid
ACE inhibitors
Beta Blockers (caution required)
Spironolactone (severe cases only)
What type of drug is spironolactone?
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
What are the side effects of spironolactone?
Hyperkalaemia
Renal Dysfunction
Gynaecomastia
What does Ivabradine do and when should you use it?
Slows heart rate(HR)
Only use if HR fast despite BBlockers
Does digoxin have a wide or narrow therapeutic window?
narrow
