Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first line treatment for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor e.g. ramipril if > 55yrs

CCB e.g. Nifedipine if < 55yrs, pregnant or afro-carribean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the management of hypertension?

A
start with stage 2 hypertension 
start medication in stage 1 if > 80yrs and one of the following;
- organ damage
- established CV disease
- diabetes
- renal disease
- 10yr cardiovascular risk 10%

1st line - ACE inhibitor if > 55yrs, CCB if < 55yrs, pregnant or afrocarribean

2nd line - add either ACE inhibitor or CCB

3rd line: thiazide like diuretic

4th line: high dose thiazide like diuretic if K > 4.5 but if K < 4.5 then add spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why might spironolactone used for 4th line management instead of high dose thiazide like diuretic?

A

spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist
it can cause hyperkalaemia
if K is low with the use of thiazide like diuretic (K sparring diuretic) then choose spironolactone instead of high dose TLD in order to increase K to prevent hypokalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the treatment of pre-existing hypertension in pregnancy

A
1st line - labetalol 
other options;
- nifedipine
- hydralazine
- methyldopa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the medication treatment options for pre eclampsia?

A

20-30mg IV labetalol
5-10mg IV hydralazine
10mg oral nifedipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when would you start medical management in stage I hypertension?

A
age > 80 yrs
and/or one of the following;
- organ damage
- established cv disease
- diabetes
- CKD
- 10 year cardiovascular risk 10%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

cough
hyperkalaemia
angiodema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the side effects of CCB?

A

flushing
ankle swelling
headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the side effects of TLD?

A

hyponatraemia
hypokalaemia
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the side effects of ARB?

A

hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

definition of orthostatic hypotension ?

A

drop in SBP by at least 20mmHg and/or drop in DBP by at least 10mmHg when standing for 3 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment for orhostatic hypotension ?

A

midodrine or fludrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly