Hypertension

Question 1

What is hypertensive urgency?

Answer 1

• Elevation of BP but NO damage to target organs
• 180 mmHg systolic
• 110 mmHg diastolic

Symptoms

• SOB
• Nose bleeds
• Headaches
• Severe anxiety

Question 2

What is hypertensive emergency?

Answer 2

• BP damages target organs
• 180 mmHg systolic
• 120 mmHg diastolic
• serious and permanent effects on organs

Symptoms

• chest pain
• sob
• back pain
• numbness / weakness
• vision change
• difficulty speaking

Management IV

• Vasodilator
• CCB

Question 3

What are the signs + symptoms of hypertension?

Answer 3

• Headache
• Dysponea
• BP >140/90
• Retinopathy
• Chest pain
• Sensory / motor problems

Question 4

What are the different types of hypertensive medications?

Answer 4

• Alpher 1 blockers
• Selective beta blockers
• Non-selective beta blocks
• Centrally acting adrenergic drugs e.g. methyldopa
• Calcium channel blockers
  ◦Dihydropyradines e.g. amlodipine
  ◦ Nondihydropyridines e.g. veramapil
• Diuretics e.g. furosemide

Question 5

What are the risk factors for hypotension?

Answer 5

• age
• obesity
• race
• genetics
• high salt diet
• smokers
• not being physically active
• too little potassium in diet
• too much alcohol
• stress
• chronic conditions e.g. diabetes

Question 6

What are the RED FLAGS in hypotension?

Answer 6

• Systolic BP >150
• headache
• fever / confusion
• chest pain
• SOB
• Vision difficulty
• irregular HR
• Pregnancy
• New onset

Question 7

What are the symptoms of pheochromocytoma?

Answer 7

Rare tumour of adrenal glands = increased adrenaline and noradrenaline released = affects BP, HR and metabolism
‘Great masquerader’ due to non-specific conditions

symptoms
- headache
- palpitations
- sweating
high BP
- Anxiety
- high BM

Question 8

What blood test results would indicate Crohns disease?

Answer 8

Electrolytes

• low potassium
• chloride
• sodium