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Med Surg III > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

Final

1
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Force of blood against artery walls that is high enough to cause health problems.

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2
Q

What main things are damaged by high blood pressure?

A

Blood vessels in heart and kidney

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3
Q

What systems is blood pressure regulated by?

A

Cardio
Endocrine
Renal
Nervous (SNS)

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4
Q

Baroreceptors monitor what?

A

Stretch pressure

Looking for drop in B/P

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors monitor what?

A

O2 and CO2

Looking for balance

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6
Q

What is RAAS?

A

Renin
Angiotensin I-if changes to II, B/P gets too high!
Aldosterone

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7
Q

Blood pressure =

A

Cardiac output X Vascular resistance

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8
Q

When do the kidney’s release renin?

A

When B/P if below 100

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9
Q

What is the silent killer?

A

Hypertension

  • Might be asymptomatic
  • Damage is still being done
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10
Q

Normal B/P

A

120/80

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11
Q

Isolated systolic hypertension

A

> 140 over <90

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12
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139 over 80-89

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13
Q

Stage 1 HTN

A

140-159 over 90-99

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14
Q

Stage 2 HTN

A

Systolic 160 or higher OR Diastolic 100 or more

*If 180/110-need to be seen immediately!!

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15
Q

High systolic and low diastolic is common in what age group?

A

Mostly old people

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16
Q

Types of Hypertension

A

Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH)

Primary Hypertension

Secondary Hypertension

17
Q

What is Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH)?

A

Systolic >140, Diastolic <90

18
Q

Which type of hypertension is most common?

A

Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH)

19
Q

Why does Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) effect individuals older than 50?

A

**Stiff arteries

-deficient baroreceptors

20
Q

What is Primary hypertension?

A

Essential or idiopathic hypertension

90-95% of cases

Causes cannot be identified

21
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

High blood pressure from an identified source

5-10% of cases

Treatment aimed at cause

22
Q

What is a major cause of blood pressure to go up?

A

Smoking-vasoconstrictor

23
Q

Clinical presentation of hypertension

A

May not have abnormalities

Depends on location of damaged vessels

  • EYES
  • CAD with angina, MI, HF
  • Kidney-edema, proteinuria, renal failure
  • CVA, TIA
24
Q

Clinical manifestations of severe HTN

A

Dull headaches

  • doesn’t go away
  • If BAD, could bust a vessel

Dizzy spells

Nosebleeds
-not because of dryness

25
Q

How to diagnose hypertension

A

Echocardiogram-structure & action

UA

ECG-heart damage

Blood tests
-BUN, glucose, creatnine, lipid

X-ray or US of kidneys

UA (creatinine clearance)-24 hr refrigerated-kidney damage

26
Q

Treatment of hypertension

A

To decrease vascular resistance and blood volume

Control blood pressure=decrease CV risk
*Look at culture: food, activities

27
Q

Medications for hypertension

A 
Diuretics-volume
Adrenergic inhibitors
Direct vasodilators
Angiotensin inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers

*Lipid lowering drugs

28
Q

OTC hypertension

A

Nitric oxide-garclic (thins blood)
Probiotics-gut health (where immune system is)
Omega 3-fish oil will make you bleed

Fatty fish=salmon

29
Q

Nursing info for hypertension

A
  • Don’t pump B/P higher than brachial pulse
  • Orthostatic is important! Get pt up slowly!
  • Older people may not tolerate a B/P lower than 120/?
30
Q

What type of problem effects pulse rate?

A

Pituitary

31
Q

Lifestyle modifications

A
  • Decrease stroke 35-40%
  • Decrease MI 20-25%
  • Decrease HF 50%

Dietary can stop HTN

  • increase fruits, veggies
  • increase carb, fat
32
Q

Blood pressure is _____ in the morning, and _____ in the evening

A

higher; lower

33
Q

Blood pressure _____ with age

A

rises

  • S-until 80
  • D-until 55-60
34
Q

If blood pressure is taken in both arms, use the _______ result

A

highest

35
Q

What is hypertensive crisis?

A

Severe, abrupt increase in diastolic blood pressure (defined as >140)

36
Q

What is the most important part of hypertensive crisis?

A

Rate of increase is more important that actual value

*Did it rise quickly or creep up?

37
Q

What often causes hypertensive crisis?

A

Patients that have failed to comply with medications, who have been under-medicated, or people who have taken illegal drugs.

38
Q

Hypertensive crisis clinical manifestations

A

May look like a stroke, but can still move

Chest pain-can go through to back

180/110-URGENT!

39
Q

MAP

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

Good MAP: 70-110.5

If below 60, brain isn’t getting anything.

Med Surg III (9 decks)

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