ACS Flashcards
Final
What is ACS?
Acute Coronary Syndrome
What is angina?
Temporary chest pain or sensation of pressure when the heart isn’t getting enough oxygen causing ischemia
S/S of angina
Pain in either shoulder, inner arm, through to the back, in throat, jaw or teeth
Characteristics of unstable angina
occurs at rest or with exertion or stress
Diagnostics of angina
Symptoms and presence of risk factors
EKG
Nitro
Exercise/drug stress tests
Echocardiogram
Angiography
Cardiac cath
Holter monitor
What is the goal for angina?
Prevent or slow ischemia-by slowing progression of CAD
What does unstable angina lead to?
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
How do you slow progression of CAD?
- Treat HTN and cholesterol
- Lifestyle changes
What medications are used for angina?
Beta blockers
Nitrates
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Antiplatelet
Anticoags
Thrombolytics
Opioids
What is Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
Irreversible myocardial cell damage usually due to clot formation
How fast do cells begin to die with no oxygen?
20 minutes
Symptoms of MI
Pain-heaviness, tightness, burning, constriction, crushing
N/V
Fever
CV-abnormal heart sounds, elevated B/P then a drop, decreased urine output, crackles, jugular distention, peripheral edema
What is troponin?
Protein released from dead heart muscle
What is the goal for diagnostics when experiencing chest pain?
To differentiate between unstable angina and MI
Treatment for MI
Sit patient up!
MONA-keep O2 sat at 93%
Continuous vitals and EKG
IV!
Labs within 10 minutes of admission
