Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

What is the best way to know if there’s a problem with the heart?

Answer 1

Echocardiogram (ECG)

Question 2

What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 2

Dilated
Hypertrophic
Restrictive

Question 3

What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

Dilated

Question 4

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

Ventricles enlarge but aren’t able to pump enough blood for the body’s needs
*has hard time contracting

Question 5

When does dilated cardiomyopathy usually happen?

Answer 5

With CAD or INFECTION (most likely the flu)

Hormone disorders, too much alcohol, malnutrition.

Question 6

S/S dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

B/P normal, but high heart rate
Edema
Leaky valves
*Clot to brain

Question 7

What ages are most common for dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

20-60, but can happen at any age

Question 8

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

Walls of the ventricles thicken and become stiff, even though workload is not increased.

Question 9

What percent of people die from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

4%

Question 10

Which type of cardiomyopathy is the “athlete” heart?

Answer 10

Hypertrophic

Question 11

S/S of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 11

Fainting
SOB
Palpitations

Question 12

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy (2 types)?

Answer 12

Walls of the heart stiffen, but not thicken and has a hard time filling with blood between contractions

Question 13

What is the least common type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 13

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 14

Type A restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 14

replaced with scar tissue (could be from infections)

Question 15

Type B restrictive cardiomyopaty

Answer 15

muscle is infiltrated with abnormal substances

Question 16

S/S of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

SOB
Chest pain
Fainting

Question 17

70% die from restrictive cardiomyopathy within _ years

Answer 17

5

Question 18

Management of cardiomyopathies

Answer 18

Determining and managing possible underlying causes

Question 19

Endo-

Answer 19

inside

Question 20

Myo-

Answer 20

middle (muscle)

Question 21

Peri-

Answer 21

outer

Question 22

What is infective endocarditis?

Answer 22

An infection of the lining of the heart and usually the heart valves.

Question 23

S/S of infective endocarditis

Answer 23

Fever unknown origin
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Sweating
Anemia
Joint pain
Chills
Painful nodules

Question 24

Who usually gets infective endocarditis?

Answer 24

Men over 60

Question 25

Acute infective endocarditis

Answer 25

rapid onset and life threatening within days

Question 26

Subacute infective endocarditis

Answer 26

gradual subtle onset

Question 27

What is pericarditis?

Answer 27

Sudden, painful inflammation of pericardium that causes fluid and blood components to pour into the pericardial space

Question 28

What is pericardial effusion?

Answer 28

Fluid inside the pericardium

Question 29

S/S pericardial effusion

Answer 29

Pain when swallowing, coughing, or taking a deep breathe

Dyspnea

Tachycardia

Hoarseness hiccups

Question 30

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 30

No room to pump due to accumulation of fluid

Question 31

Signs of cardiac tamponade

Answer 31

Chest pain in left shoulder and lung sounds=rub!

Question 32

Pericarditis=

Answer 32

Culture, then start antibiotics!

Question 33

What is myocarditis?

Answer 33

Focal or diffuse inflammation of the heart muscle

Question 34

What is pericardiocentesis?

Answer 34

needle in heart to relieve pressure

Question 35

What is rheumatic endocarditis ALWAYS caused by?

Answer 35

Strep

Question 36

How does a patient with a cardiomyopathy prevent endocarditis?

Answer 36

Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures and surgery, including GI and GU procedures.