Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is the best way to know if there’s a problem with the heart?
Echocardiogram (ECG)
What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated
Hypertrophic
Restrictive
What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
Ventricles enlarge but aren’t able to pump enough blood for the body’s needs
*has hard time contracting
When does dilated cardiomyopathy usually happen?
With CAD or INFECTION (most likely the flu)
Hormone disorders, too much alcohol, malnutrition.
S/S dilated cardiomyopathy
B/P normal, but high heart rate
Edema
Leaky valves
*Clot to brain
What ages are most common for dilated cardiomyopathy?
20-60, but can happen at any age
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Walls of the ventricles thicken and become stiff, even though workload is not increased.
What percent of people die from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
4%
Which type of cardiomyopathy is the “athlete” heart?
Hypertrophic
S/S of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Fainting
SOB
Palpitations
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy (2 types)?
Walls of the heart stiffen, but not thicken and has a hard time filling with blood between contractions
What is the least common type of cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Type A restrictive cardiomyopathy
replaced with scar tissue (could be from infections)
Type B restrictive cardiomyopaty
muscle is infiltrated with abnormal substances
S/S of restrictive cardiomyopathy
SOB
Chest pain
Fainting
70% die from restrictive cardiomyopathy within _ years
5
Management of cardiomyopathies
Determining and managing possible underlying causes
Endo-
inside
Myo-
middle (muscle)
Peri-
outer
What is infective endocarditis?
An infection of the lining of the heart and usually the heart valves.
S/S of infective endocarditis
Fever unknown origin Tachycardia Fatigue Sweating Anemia Joint pain Chills Painful nodules
Who usually gets infective endocarditis?
Men over 60
Acute infective endocarditis
rapid onset and life threatening within days
Subacute infective endocarditis
gradual subtle onset
What is pericarditis?
Sudden, painful inflammation of pericardium that causes fluid and blood components to pour into the pericardial space
What is pericardial effusion?
Fluid inside the pericardium
S/S pericardial effusion
Pain when swallowing, coughing, or taking a deep breathe
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Hoarseness hiccups
What is cardiac tamponade?
No room to pump due to accumulation of fluid
Signs of cardiac tamponade
Chest pain in left shoulder and lung sounds=rub!
Pericarditis=
Culture, then start antibiotics!
What is myocarditis?
Focal or diffuse inflammation of the heart muscle
What is pericardiocentesis?
needle in heart to relieve pressure
What is rheumatic endocarditis ALWAYS caused by?
Strep
How does a patient with a cardiomyopathy prevent endocarditis?
Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures and surgery, including GI and GU procedures.
