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Pharmacology > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Bendrofluazide are all examples of…

A

Thiazide diuretics

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2
Q
  • Act on kidneys, increase urination, lower BP
  • Increase sodium excretion by reducing salt reabsorption
  • Plasma volume lowered
  • Cardiac output lowered
  • Inhibit sodium- chloride co-transporter in distal tube
  • Frequent urination
  • Ion deficiencies
  • Dehydration, gout, postural hypotension
A

Thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

2 drugs that have a thiazide-like structure are…

A

Chlorthalidone and Metolazone

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4
Q
  • More potent than thiazides
  • Effective at reducing BP
  • Used in patients with renal insufficiency, hypertension, heart failure
  • Effective in patients with impaired kidney function
  • Weakness, confusion, abnormal HR
A

Loop diuretics

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5
Q
  • Loop diuretic
  • Prevents body absorbing too much salt
  • Ringing in ears, confusion, drowsiness, jaundice, severe pain in stomach
A

Furosemide

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6
Q
  • Loop diuretic
  • Forces kidney to eliminate sodium, potassium and water
  • Hyperkalcaemia, abdominal pain, blurred vision, drowsiness, headache, increased urination
A

Buetanide

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7
Q
  • Loop diuretic
  • Pyridine- sulfonyl urea used in management of oedema
  • Nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth
A

Torasemide

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8
Q
  • Block calcium entry through voltage gated calcium channels in arterial smooth muscle
A

Calcium antagonists

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9
Q
  • Calcium antagonist
  • Highly selective for smooth muscle
  • Used to reduce BP in dilating arteries
  • Reduce total peripheral resistance
  • Flushing and ankle oedema
A

Dihydropyridines

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10
Q

Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Nicardipine are what type of calcium antagonist?

A

Dihydropyridines

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11
Q

An example of benzodiazepine…

A

Diltizem

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12
Q
  • Type of calcium antagonist
  • Block calcium channels in conducting tissue of heart
  • Reduce total peripheral resistance
  • Decrease HR
  • Reduce Cardiac Output
  • Flushing, ankle oedema, cardiac depression
  • Interact with B-blockers
A

Benzodiazepines

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13
Q
  • Prevent vasoconstrictior action of endogenous adrenlaine
  • Selective blockers of a1- adrenoceptors
  • Postural hypertension, dizziness, possible severe hypertension after 1st dose
A

Alpha blockers

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14
Q
  • Alpha Blocker
  • 1x daily
  • Relaxes veins and arteries
  • Light headed, stomach pain, chest pain, trouble breathing, long-lasting erection
A

Doazosin

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15
Q
  • Alpha Blocker
  • 1x daily
  • Relaxes veins and arteries as well as muscles in prostate, bladder and neck
  • Easier to urinate
  • Fast/ pounding heartbeat, dizziness, swelling in hands, ankles or feet, long lasting erection
A

Terazosin

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16
Q
  • Alpha Blocker
  • 3x daily
  • Causes blood vessels and muscles around urethra to relax= urinate easily
  • Lower BP
  • Dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, frequent urination, headache, nausea, weakness
A

Perazosin

17
Q

Examples of beta blockers…

A

Atenolol, metaprotol

18
Q
  • Reduce cardiac output by blocking noradrenaline receptors on heart
  • Prevents action of noradrenaline and circulating adrenaline
  • Reduces HR and force of contraction
  • Initially decreases cardiac output but this does not last
  • Cold hands, fatigue, inducing asthma attacks, heart failure, conduction block, effect on blood lipids
A

Beta Blockers

19
Q

Examples of ACE inhibitors…

A

Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Lisinopril

20
Q
  • Prevent conversion of angiotensin I -> II
  • Reduces release of aldosterone to reduce sodium re-absorption and decrease BP
  • Dry cough, rash, hypotension
  • Not to be used in pregnant women
A

ACE inhbitors

21
Q

Examples of angiotensin II antagonists…

A

Losartan, Condesartan, Eprosartan, Volsartan

22
Q
  • Bind to angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels so it can’t bind
  • Angiotensin cannot cause contraction
  • Used in patients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitors
  • Dizziness, hyperkalaemia
  • Not for use in patients with renal disease or pregnant women
A

Antiotensin II antagonists

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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