Antimicrobials

Question 1

• Inhibit the enzyme in traspeptidase cross-link reaction
• Prevents individual chains of peptides from joining together and causing a cross-link
• Interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis
• Leads to autolysis

Answer 1

B-Lactam antibitoics

Inhibitors of bacterial cell wall

Question 2

• B-lactam antibiotic
• Very effective against gram +ve bacteria
• Aminopenicillins are better tolerated
• Skin rash, itchng, fever, SOB, rare occasions= anaphylaxis

Answer 2

Penicillin

Question 3

3 examples of B-lactam antibiotic penicillin are…

Answer 3

Aminopenicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

Question 4

Examples of B-lactam antibiotic cephlosporins are…

Answer 4

1- Cefalexin and Cefazolin
2- Cefaclor and Ceforoxime
3- Cefixime and Cefpodoxime
4- Cefepime

Question 5

1st line cephlosporins… (Cefalexin and Cefazolin)

Answer 5

Work best on gram +ve

Question 6

2nd line cephlosporins… (Cefaclor and Ceforoxime)

Answer 6

Can be effective against microbes

Question 7

3rd line cephlosporins… (Cefixime and Cefpodoxime)

Answer 7

Work best on gram -ve

Question 8

4th line cephlosporins… (Cefepime)

Answer 8

Can be effective against pseudomonas

Question 9

Examples of Carbapenems are…

Answer 9

Meropenem, Ertapenem, Imipenem

Question 10

• Broad spectrum
• Effective against most bacteria just not MRSE and VRE
• IV administration
• Injection site reactions, diarrhea, N+V, skin rash

Answer 10

Carbapenems

Question 11

Vancomycin is an example of….

Answer 11

an inhibitor of bacterial cell wall NOT B-lactam

Question 12

• Inhibitor of cell wall biosynthesis
• Precludes peptidyl bridges
• Effective against MRSA
• IV administration
• Flu-like rashes, hives, itching, muscle tightness, bleeding, bruising

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

• Broad spectrum effective against +ve and -ve
• Bacteriostatic
• Associated with greater toxicity

Answer 13

Inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis

Question 14

Tetracycline, Aminoglycosides and Macrolides are examples of…

Answer 14

Inhibitors of bacerial protein synthesis

Question 15

Tetracycline and Aminoglycosides bind to and inhibit protein components of which subunits

Answer 15

30S

Question 16

Macrolides bind to and inhibit protein components of which subunits

Answer 16

50S

Question 17

• Inhibit bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase which is involved in DNA replication
• Effective against gram -ve bacteria and intracellular pathogens
• Associated with higher toxicity

Answer 17

Inhibitors of bacterial DNA synthesis

Question 18

Fluroquinolones is an example of…

Answer 18

An inhibitor of bacterial DNA synthesis

Question 19

Ciprofloxacin, Noroloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin are examples of…

Answer 19

Fluroquinolones which is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis

Question 20

Requires specialised enzymes known as DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 20

Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA syntheis

Question 21

• Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis
• Inhibits bacterial RNA Polymerase
• Treats TB
• Fever, loss of appetite, malasie, n+v, dark urine, jaundice, pain and swelling

Answer 21

Rafampicin

Question 22

• Inhibitor of bacterial folate synthesis
• Analogues PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid)
• Acts as a substrate complex= reduced syntheis of diydropteroic acid-> key step in nucleotide synthesis
• Skin rash, itching, headache, dizziness, diarrhea, tiredness, n+v, pale skin

Answer 22

Sulfonamide

Question 23

• Inhibitor of bacterial folate synthesis
• Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
• Prevents reduction of dihydrofolic acid to tetrhydrofolic acid
• Itching, rash, diarrhea, n+v, stomach upset, loss of appetite, headache

Answer 23

Trimethoprim