Hypertension

Question 1

what is the tightest disease linked with blood pressure

Answer 1

stroke

Question 2

SBP mmHg normal

Answer 2

less than 120

Question 3

SBP mmHg Pre-hypertension

Answer 3

120-139

Question 4

SBP mmHg stage 1

Answer 4

140-159

Question 5

SBP mmHg stage 2

Answer 5

greater than 160

Question 6

DPB mmHg normal

Answer 6

less than 80

Question 7

DPB mmHg Pre-hypertension

Answer 7

80-89

Question 8

DPB mmHg stage 1

Answer 8

90-99

Question 9

DPB mmHg stage 2

Answer 9

greather than 100

Question 10

LS MOD normal

Answer 10

encourge

Question 11

LS MOD Pre-hypertension

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

LS MOD stage 1

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

LS MOD stage 2

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Drugs normal

Answer 14

no

Question 15

Drugs prehypertension

Answer 15

no

Question 16

drugs stage 1

Answer 16

Mono-Combo

Question 17

drugs stage 2

Answer 17

combo

Question 18

Lowering BP lowering prevents ____ better than it prevents ____

Answer 18

1. strokes

2. MI

Question 19

What are 5 compelling indications of hypertension

Answer 19

1. heart failure
2. diabetes with proteinuria
3. Coronary artery disease ( prior MI, high risk)
4. Chronic Renal insufficiency
5. CVA

Question 20

Guyton’s concept of hypertension

Answer 20

Renal “set point” for Na homeostasis

Question 21

what is necessary to maintain hypertension

Answer 21

altered renal “ set point “

Question 22

what is necessary to produce sustained hypertension

Answer 22

renal involvement

Question 23

the vast majority of hypertension is caused by what

Answer 23

primary, essential

- secondary causes are relatively uncommon

Question 24

what is an underappreciated secondary cause of hypertension

Answer 24

sleep apnea

Question 25

is malignant hypertension a medical emergency

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Malignant hypertension can show evidence for what ? how is it found

Answer 26

1. acute vascular injury

- usually found in retinal examination

Question 27

who should be evaluated for secondary hypertension?

Answer 27

1. hypertension is presenting early 30-50 yrs
2. hypertension without family history
3. severe or difficult to control hypertension

Question 28

Who is most likely to get Fibromuscular dysplasia ( type of renovascular hypertension)

Answer 28

• young
• female more than male
• familial
• responds well to correction
• unusual in people of african descent

Question 29

How does one evaluate hyperaldosteronism? what is the goal of treatment and how do you approach this?

Answer 29

1. usual clue is hypokalemia
2. red flag - hypokalemia in face of ACE inhibitor
3. goal is to demonstrate suppressed renin and non-suppressible aldosterone
4. try to stimulate renin with diuretic and suppress aldo with volume expansion

Question 30

what are risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 30

• smoking
• Dyslipidemia ( high LDL or low HDL)
• age greater than 60
• male or postmenopausal female
• family history

Question 31

what drug is used for uncomplicated hypertension

Answer 31

diuretics

Question 32

what drug is used for diabetes

Answer 32

ACE inhibitor or ARB

Question 33

what drug is used for myocardial infarction

Answer 33

Beta Blocker

Question 34

what drug is used for systolic heart failure

Answer 34

ACE inhibitor or ARB