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D&T3 Test 1 > Heart Sounds > Flashcards

Heart Sounds Flashcards

1
Q

location of apical impulse

A

midcalvicular line

-5th left intercostal space

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2
Q

how should the table be placed to do a heart exam

A

30 degress

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3
Q

what are abnormal findings on palpation

A

Heave
Thrust
Lift

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4
Q

what do we need to know about at thrill

A

location

timing ( systole/diastole)

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5
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a systolic thrill at the suprasternal notch and/or 2nd and 3rd right intercostal space

A

aortic and pulmonary stenosis

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6
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a systolic thrill at 4th left intercostal space

A

ventricular septal defects

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7
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a systolic thrill at the apex

A

mitral regurgitation

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8
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a systolic thrill at the left lower sternal border

A

Tetralogy of fallot

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9
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a systolic thrill at the left upper sternal border

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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10
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a diastolic thrill at the right sternal border

A
  • aortic regurgitation

- aneurysm of ascending aorta

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11
Q

what is the probably cause if there is a diastolic thrill at the apex

A

mitral stenosis

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12
Q

what position is best for high-pitched murmurs

A

sitting up and leaning slightly forward

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13
Q

what position is best for low-pitched filling sounds in diastole

A

supine in the left lateral recumbent position

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14
Q

What is the S1 sound

A

closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)

begining systole

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15
Q

what is the S2 sound

A

closure of semilunar

- end of systole

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16
Q

when is the splitting of S1 best heard

A
  • usually not heard because tricuspid is too faint to hear

- heard during inspiration at tricuspid region

17
Q

splitting of which heart sound is expected

A

S2

18
Q

for S2 wwhere are pressures higher and where are ejectiont times longer

A

pressure higher on left side

- ejection time longer on right

19
Q

when is splitting of S2 heard the greatest

A

during peak inspiration

20
Q

What is S3

A

rapid passive filling of ventricles during diastole

-early diastole

21
Q

what is S4 sound

A

forceful atrial ejection of blood

-late diastole

22
Q

what are 4 questions you should as yourself with hearing a murmur

A 
timing
location
radiation
shape 
intensity 
pitch 
quality
23
Q

bruit

A

murmur heard in blood vessel

24
Q

how does clench fist and hand grip change heart sound

A
  • increase ventricular volume

- increases afterload

25
Q

how does sitting to standing or valvsalva change heart sound

A

decreases preload

26
Q

raising leg or squatting changes heart sounds how?

A
  • increase venous return
  • increase preload
  • increase PVR
27
Q

how does breathing change heart sounds

A

increases right ventricular preload

28
Q

what is the grading of murmors

A 
I: faint, can't be heard
II: heard immediately
III: moderately loud
IV: loud and THRILL
V: heard with stethoscope
VI: can be heart without stethoscope
29
Q

when palpating a pulse, what does amplitud mean

A

force

30
Q

type of pulse:anxiety, exercise, fever, anemia, PDA, atheroclerosis

A

Bounding pulse

31
Q

type of pulse: COPD, pericarditis, pericardial effusion

A

pulses paradoxus

32
Q

type of pulse: left ventricular failure

A

pulsus alternans

33
Q

type of pulse: impaired circulation

A

pulsus differens

34
Q

what do you hear in systolic aortic stensosi

A

crescendo-decrescendo

35
Q

what do you hear in diastolic aortic regurgitation

A

decrescendo, blowing

36
Q

what do you hear in diastolic mitral stenosis

A

rumbling, uniform openin snap

37
Q

sound of mitral regurgitation

A

holosystolic/uniform murmur

38
Q

sound of mitral valve prolapse

A

midsystolic click followed by late systolic murmur

39
Q

sound of tricupsid regurgitiation

A

holosystolic/uniform murmur

D&T3 Test 1 (11 decks)

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