Hypertension Flashcards
Defining criteria of stage 1 hypertension? (remember ABPM!)
Defining criteria of stage 2 hypertension?
(remember ABPM!)
Defining criteria of malignant hypertension?
BP > 180/120 mmHg
Five complications of hypertension?
What are the two types of hypertension with respect to their aetiology?
What percentage of hypertension is primary?
95%
What four things can cause secondary HTN?
What four things should you investigate after a diagnosis of hypertension?
How could you check the eyes for organ damage after a diagnosis of HTN?
What two urine tests could you do to assess for kidney damage with a diagnosis of HTN?
What five medications can be used to treat HTN?
Which two medications used to treat HTN is it important to monitor K+ levels?
ACE-inhibitors - hyperkalaemia
Thiazide like diuretics - hypokalaemia
(ACE inhibitors inhibit aldosterone release so less K+ excreted. thiazide like diuretics can increase K+ excretion)
What’s the BP treatment aim for HTN for patients less than 80 years old?
140/90
(150/90 for patients older than 80)
If a patient is less than 55 years old and non-black, what is first second and third line drug treatment?
If a patient is black or older than 55 years old, what is first second and third line drug treatment?
What’s the average fall in systolic blood pressure from an anti-hypertensive medication?
8-10 mmHg
What’s the average fall in diastolic blood pressure from an anti-hypertensive medication?
4-6 mmHg
If a patient is low CVD risk, what stage HTN would you treat them at?
Stage 2
If a patient is high CVD risk, what stage HTN would you treat them at?
Stage 1
What are the symptoms of hypertension?
None - it’s symptomless
How many years of life can a 50 year old male with untreated hypertension expect to lose?
7
What’s the key dietary risk factor for hypertension?
Salt
What’s the strongest risk factor for HTN?
weight/obesity
