Heart failure Flashcards
definition of heart failure?
The inability of the heart to pump adequate amounts of blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands
what percentage of the population in the UK have CCF?
1-2%
Give some examples of how heart failures can be categorised?
average age of diagnosis of HF?
77
give some causes of HF
four classic symptoms of HF?
four main signs of HF?
(answers in bold)
in which two ways can a echocardiogram demonstrate HF?
in primary care in the UK, which blood test result is used to stratify patients?
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
>2,000 = urgent referral for echo
400 - 2000 = referral within 6 weeks
<400 = HF unlikely
what criteria used to be used to diagnose HF?
ejection fractions of what percentage indicate heart failure?
<40%
three investigations for HF?
echo
CXR
BNP (proven to be correlated with cardiac filling pressures)
What grades can HF be split into?
four complications of HF?
what drug group is first line in all patents with a LVEF < 40%?
ACE-inhibitors
(unless they have renal artery stenosis or previous angioedema)