Heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

definition of heart failure?

A

The inability of the heart to pump adequate amounts of blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what percentage of the population in the UK have CCF?

A

1-2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give some examples of how heart failures can be categorised?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

average age of diagnosis of HF?

A

77

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give some causes of HF

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

four classic symptoms of HF?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

four main signs of HF?

A

(answers in bold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in which two ways can a echocardiogram demonstrate HF?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in primary care in the UK, which blood test result is used to stratify patients?

A

BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
>2,000 = urgent referral for echo
400 - 2000 = referral within 6 weeks
<400 = HF unlikely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what criteria used to be used to diagnose HF?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ejection fractions of what percentage indicate heart failure?

A

<40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

three investigations for HF?

A

echo
CXR
BNP (proven to be correlated with cardiac filling pressures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What grades can HF be split into?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

four complications of HF?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what drug group is first line in all patents with a LVEF < 40%?

A

ACE-inhibitors
(unless they have renal artery stenosis or previous angioedema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when are ACE inhibitors not recommended as first line for patients with LVEF < 40%?

A
  • renal artery stenosis
  • previous angioedema
17
Q

what four drug types can be used to treat HF?

A

A,B,C,D

Ace inhibitors
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics

18
Q

what is cor pulmonale?

A

right sided HF caused by respiratory disease (pulmonary HTN leads to backing up of blood)

19
Q

what’s the most common cause of cor pulmonale?

A
20
Q

main presenting complaint of cor pulmonale?

A

SOB