Hypertension Flashcards
What are names of thiazide diuretics?
Chorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indapamide
Metolazone
Chorthalidone
When are basic thiazide diuretics contraindicated?
GFR < 25 ml/min
Use metoalzone or chlorthalidone instead
What are ADRs to be aware of in thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
HYPERlipidemia
What are the two reasons thiazides are used for anti-hypertension?
Lower cardiac output = initial MOA
Vasodilation= Primary MOA
What could potentially ruin the use of thiazides for antihypertension?
Consuming salt
Which K sparing diuretics are used for anti-hypertension?
Na Channel inhibitors
Triamterene + HCTZ
Amiloride + HCTZ
What is the main ADR of using K sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
When you use ACEis and ARBs you increase renal blood flow. Who is most likely to be affected by this: people with hypertension or HF?
HF- hypertension already has a high blood flow.
Who benefits the most from ACEis or ARBs when they have hypertension?
Diabetics with kidney disease.
Lower proteinuria
What are the two things NSAIDs do that can affect ACEis and ARBs in hypertensive patients?
They block prostaglandins needed for vasodilation of afferent arterioles.
They block production of COX2 in kidneys, which lowers Na excretion and increases intravascular volume.
If use of a NSAIDs is 100% necessary for someone with hypertension, what should they use with it?
CCB= because they already have a natural natriuretic effect at the renal tubules.
Which CCBs are great for hypertension?
DHP because they vasodilate the systemic arterioles (not veins)
What are some ADRs associated with DHP use for hypertension?
Reflex tachycardia
Facial flushing
Pedal edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure this is because the venous dilation and arteriolar dilation are not matched.
What is Aliskren?
Renin inhibitor
What are medications used for hypertensive emergency or severe HTN?
Nitroprusside
Diazoxide
Labetolol
