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NURS 3313 > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for calculating MAP?

A

((2 x DBP) + SBP) / 3

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2
Q

How many servings per day of lean meats does the DASH diet recommend?

A

two or fewer

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3
Q

What is the proper criteria for diagnosing hypertension?

A

2 readings on 2 different occasions that are consistent with hypertension

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4
Q

How many servings of dairy per day does the DASH diet recommend?

A

2-3 servings

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5
Q

How much of an increase in BP doubles the risk of death from stroke or heart disease?

A

20 mmHg SBP or 10 mmHg DBP

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6
Q

How many servings per day of fruits does the DASH diet recommend?

A

4-5 servings

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7
Q

How many servings of vegetables does the DASH diet recommend per day?

A

4-5 servings

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8
Q

How many daily servings of whole grains does the DASH diet recommend?

A

7-8 servings

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9
Q

average range for MAP

A

70-100 mmHg

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10
Q

What BP is the exception to the 2 occasions diagnosis rule?

A

> 160/100 in two readings on one occasion

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11
Q

When are women at highest risk for hypertension?

A

after reaching 65 years of age

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12
Q

What are the most accurate methods of BP measurement?

A

ambulatory and home BPM

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13
Q

assess daytime and nighttime BP during routine daily activities over a 24-hour period

A

ambulatory BPM

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14
Q

What should be used to collect a BP measurement if possible?

A

an electronic BP machine

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15
Q

What is the criteria for pts with Stg 1 HTN to receive meds?

A

based upon risk for cardiac events

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16
Q

When are men at the highest risk for hypertension?

A

before the age of 64

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17
Q

Symptoms of HTN effecting the heart

A

CAD with angina and MI leading to left ventricular hypertrophy

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18
Q

the amount of blood pumped out in 1 minute

A

cardiac output

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19
Q

What is blood pressure determined by?

A

cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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20
Q

Uncontrolled BP can lead to what problems?

A

CVD, stroke, or CKD

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21
Q

most effective diet in lowering BP; focuses on whole grains, vegetables, fruit, lean protein, and low fat diary

A

DASH diet

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22
Q

arterial pressure when the heart relaxes and fills with blood

A

diastolic blood pressure

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23
Q

120-129 SBP and <80 DBP

A

elevated blood pressure

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24
Q

How often should BP be checked during a hypertensive crisis?

A

every 15-20 minutes

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25
Q

What adverse affects should be monitored for in older adults taking anti-hypertensive medications?

A

falls, orthostatic hypotension, and reduced renal function

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26
Q

thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and calcium-channel blockers

A

First-Line Agents

27
Q

A patient presents with elevated BP, but no history. What should they be told to do next?

A

follow up in 3-6 months and make appropriate lifestyle changes

28
Q

A patients presents with no history of HTN and their BP measurement comes back WNL. What should they be told to do next?

A

follow up in one year

29
Q

A patient presents with a BP classified as stage 1. What should they be told is the next step?

A

follow up with additional BP readings in one month to confirm or rule out HTN; should also be screened for an increased risk of a cardiac event

30
Q

assesses BP at specific times during the day and night when patient is seated and relaxed

A

home BPM

31
Q

> /=180 SBP or >/=120 DBP

A

Hypertensive Crisis

32
Q

BP elevated > 180/120 with new or worsening target organ damage

A

hypertensive emergency

33
Q

What are common signs of target organ damage in a hypertensive emergency?

A

hypertensive encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, MI, HF with pulmonary edema, dissecting aortic aneurysm, renal failure

34
Q

BP elevated > 180/120 with no evidence of target organ damage

A

hypertensive urgency

35
Q

Symptoms of HTN effecting the brain

A

inc. cerebrovascular pressure leading to TIA, stroke

36
Q

Signs of HTN effecting the kidneys

A

increased BUN/creatinine, urinary changes, electrolyte imbalances

37
Q

What is the medication of choice in treating a hypertensive emergency?

A

IV antihypertensives with immediate onsets (i.e., nicardipine, labetalol, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside)

38
Q

What is the benefit of pharmacolgical therapy for HTN?

A

lowers the risk of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, and death

39
Q

Why is HTN called the “silent killer”?

A

many patients are asymptomatic

40
Q

elevated BP consistent with hypertension in setting outside of health care and within normal range in a health care setting

A

masked hypertension

41
Q

average pressure within the artery during one full cardiac cycle

A

mean arterial pressure

42
Q

Why is nicotine such a big risk factor for hypertension?

A

Nicotine exacerbates complications due to vasoconstriction

43
Q

A patient presents with BP >160/100. What should they be told is the next step?

A

no additional follow up needed, immediately start antihypertensive medications

44
Q

What is the criteria for pts with Stg 2 HTN to receive meds?

A

no criteria, prescribed upon diagnosis

45
Q

What is the main cause of hypertensive urgency?

A

non-adherence of antihypertensive therapy

46
Q

<120 SBP and <80 DBP

A

normal blood pressure

47
Q

Hypertension is most prevalent in which age group?

A

Older adults greater than 75 years old

48
Q

elevated blood pressure due to an unknown cause

A

Primary (Essential) Hypertension

49
Q

the recurrence of hypertension after abruptly stopping anti-hypertensive medications

A

rebound hypertension

50
Q

What is the main goal in treating a hypertensive emergency?

A

reduce SBP by 25% in the first hour, reduce to 160/100 in the next 2-6 hours, and have a normal and controlled BP within 24-48 hours

51
Q

How should a patient’s arm be when collecting a BP measurement?

A

relaxed and at the heart level

52
Q

when a patient has a controlled BP, but 4 medications are needed to maintain it

A

resistant hypertension

53
Q

Symptoms of HTN effecting the eyes

A

retinal changes: hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, papillaedema, and exudates

54
Q

elevated blood pressure caused by an underlying issue

A

Secondary Hypertension

55
Q

What is the major issue that should be looked for during the neuro assessment in a patient with HTN?

A

signs and symptoms of a stroke

56
Q

130-139 SBP or 80-89 DBP

A

Stage 1 Hypertension

57
Q

140-159 SBP or 90-99 DBP

A

Stage 2 Hypertension

58
Q

arterial pressure when the heart contracts

A

systolic blood pressure

59
Q

If patients ARE symptomatic, what is this indicative of?

A

target organ damage

60
Q

What is the major concern for patients with masked HTN?

A

These patients are at higher risk for CVD, stroke, and CKD

61
Q

What is the major concern for patients with white coat HTN?

A

These patients can possibly receive treatments that aren’t warranted

62
Q

An African-American patient presents to the ED with HTN. No hx of HF or CKD. What medication should they be prescribed?

A

thiazide diuretic or calcium-channel blocker

63
Q

BP reading suggestive of hypertension in health settings and WNL outside of health care settings

A

white coat hypertension

NURS 3313 (8 decks)

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