Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 3313 > Diabetes and Insulin > Flashcards

Diabetes and Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

increased levels of glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 types of diabetes?

A

Type 1, Type 2, Secondary, and Gestational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by?

A

Loss of beta cell function and absolute insulin dependency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by what?

A

insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the U.S., diabetes is the highest leading cause of what?

A

Non-traumatic amputations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many cases of diabetes are considered Type 1?

A

less than 5-10% of all cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some common risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes?

A

obesity, family history, history of gestational diabetes, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a major sign of Type 1 Diabetes?

A

extreme and rapid weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty acids in the absence of insulin

A

ketone bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

acute complication of Type 1 Diabetes

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acute complication of Type 2 Diabetes

A

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the major complications associated with Type 2 Diabetes?

A

eye disease, peripheral neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s the biggest preventative measure for Type 2 Diabetes?

A

lifestyle changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“Three Ps”; indicate onset of Type 1 Diabetes

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis?

A

Symptoms of diabetes (3 Ps), fasting glucose >/= 126, random glucose >/= 200, HgbA1C >/= 6.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is exercise so important for diabetics?

A

It reduces cardiovascular risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is considered the cornerstone of diabetes management?

A

blood glucose monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When should ketones be checked in Type 1 Diabetics?

A

BG > 240 2x in a row, during illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the pharmacologic therapy options for diabetes?

A

insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most effective first line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes?

A

Metformin (Glucophage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reflects average blood sugar levels for a 3 month period; should be kept below 7

A

Hemoglobin A1C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the goal of diabetes management?

A

normalize blood glucose levels to prevent complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

occurs when blood glucose falls below 70 mg/dL

A

hypoglycemia

24
Q

What are the main symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, hunger

25
Q

CNS is so impaired that that patient needs assistance of another person for treatment

A

severe hypoglycemia

26
Q

How should an alert patient with hypoglycemia be treated?

A
  1. 15-20 grams of fast acting, concentrated carbs (i.e., glucose tabs, juice/soda, etc.)
  2. Follow with a small snack (starch and protein)
  3. Recheck BG in 15 minutes and repeat steps if necessary
27
Q

How should an unconscious patient with hypoglycemia be treated?

A
  1. Injection of 1 mg of glucagon IM (can take up to 20 minutes for them to regain consciousness)
  2. Follow with 15 grams of concentrated carbs and a snack
28
Q

What should occur if a hospitalized patient is NPO, on swallow precautions, or is unconscious becomes severely hypoglycemic?

A

They should be given a 25-50 mL of D50W IVP

29
Q

What should be done if a diabetic patient is undergoing surgery and there are no orders the morning of to hold insulin?

A

Notify the provider

30
Q

How is BG controlled in diabetic patients undergoing surgery?

A

They are given an insulin infusion of regular insulin and dextrose

31
Q

Which long-term complication is more common in Type 1 Diabetes?

A

Kidney disease

32
Q

Which long-term complication is more common in Type 2 Diabetes?

A

cardiovascular complications

33
Q

changes in medium to large blood vessels

A

macro-vascular complications

34
Q

What are the 3 macro-vascular diseases?

A

coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease

35
Q

capillary membrane thickening (affects mainly the retinas and kidneys)

A

micro-vascular complications

36
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

leading cause of blindness among people 20-74 years of age in the U.S.

37
Q

kidney disease secondary to diabetic micro vascular changes; common complication

A

nephropathy

38
Q

How is nephropathy treated?

A

dialysis and kidney transplant

39
Q

condition affecting nerves of the lower extremities; initial symptoms of tingling, heightened sensation, and burning

A

peripheral neuropathy

40
Q

rapid acting insulin

A

lispro

41
Q

If a patient is given rapid acting insulin, within how long should they eat?

A

5-15 minutes after injection

42
Q

Which insulin type has the effect most like endogenous insulin in response to a meal?

A

rapid acting insulin

43
Q

How does rapid acting insulin’s duration compare to that of regular insulin?

A

shorter duration at about 2-4 hours

44
Q

short acting insulin

A

regular (Humulin-R)

45
Q

When should regular insulin be given?

A

15 minutes before a meal

46
Q

What’s the key point about short acting insulin to remember?

A

it “covers” the increase in glucose after meals

47
Q

What can short acting insulin NOT be mixed with?

A

long-acting insulin (glargine and glulisine)

48
Q

used to maintain blood glucose levels in Type 1 Diabetics; can be intermediate or long-term

A

basal insulin

49
Q

intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH

50
Q

What is the duration of intermediate acting insulin?

A

16-20 hours

51
Q

What is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?

A

2-4 hours

52
Q

very long acting insulins

A

glargine (lantus) and detimir

53
Q

Which insulin cannot be mixed?

A

very long acting insulins

54
Q

When should very long acting insulins be administered?

A

Once per day at the same time

55
Q

Why is insulin so often given in the abdomen?

A

Easy accessibility, absorbed at a more consistent rate

NURS 3313 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions