Blood Administration Flashcards
What is blood tested for after donation?
- HIV type 1 & 2
- Hepatitis B & C
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
- Syphilis
- CMV
s/s of anemia
- SOB
- tachycardia
- low BP
- dizziness
- decreased O2 sat
What form of blood is usually ordered for anemic patients?
packed red blood cells (PRBCs)
What are packed red blood cells?
a concentrated preparation of RBCs that is obtained from whole blood by removing the plasma
What should be asked about in a pretransfustion assessment?
- History of transfusion reactions?
If yes: - type of reaction
- manifestations
- interventions required
- preventative interventions for transfusions
informed consent needed before a transfusion
What is a crossmatch?
tests pts blood against the donor blood
Blood Administration Procedure steps
- verify orders
- verify signed consent
- check type and crossmatch
- obtain baseline vitals
- send for the blood
- admin blood within 30 minutes of removal from blood bank
How should blood be administered?
through a large bore IV (22, 20, 18 gauge)
What is different about tubing for a blood transfusion?
it contains a filter
What is the standard rate of blood administration?
2-4 units/hour
When should the first assessment be completed by the nurse?
at 15 minutes in
common s/s of transfusion reactions
- SOB
- restlessness
- hives
- N/V
- torso/back pain
- flushing
- hematuria
- fever or chills
What is the first intervention if a transfusion reaction occurs?
STOP THE INFUSION
What is the maximum amount of time blood can hang?
4 hours
What are the 4 types of transfusion reactions?
- hemolytic
- febrile nonhemolytic
- allergic
- hypervolemia/circulatory overload
s/s of hemolytic transfusion reaction
- rapid hemolysis
- occurs within first 50cc of infusion
- fever
- chills
- low back pain
- nausea
- dyspnea
- anxiety
- chest tightness
- HOTN
- bronchospasm
- circulatory collapse
- death
What is the most dangerous transfusion reaction?
hemolytic
s/s of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
- chills
- fever
What causes febrile nonhemolytic reactions?
antibodies to donor leukocytes that remain in the blood component
What is the most common type of transfusion reaction?
febrile nonhemolytic reaction
What can be done to prevent febrile nonhemolytic reactions?
using leukocyte reducing filters during transfusion
What is the most common treatment for a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?
tylenol
s/s of hypervolemia/circulatory overload
- dec. breath sounds, crackles
- SOB
- orthopnea
- tachycardia
- sudden anxiety
What is the common treatment for hypervolemic/circulatory overload?
- diuretic and O2 admin
