Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 3313 > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

x-ray done using barium as a contrast agent; allows for a view of the stomach, esophagus, stomach, and small bowel

A

barium swallow study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A barium swallow study aids in the diagnosis of what disorders?

A

ulcers, varices, tumors, regional enteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nursing Considerations of a Barium Swallow Study

A

pre-op:
- clear liquids the day before
- NPO after midnight
- hold PO meds
- insulin dosages may need to be adjusted

post-op:
- increase fluid intake after procedure
- monitor for constipation
- assess bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Barium Enema Nursing Considerations

A

pre-op:
- bowel prep before procedure
- low residue diet 1-2 days
- clear liquids the day before
- laxatives of gloytely the night before
- NPO after midnight
- may have cleansing enemas until clear morning of test

post-op:
- inform pt they will have increase BMs
- increase fluids to help with elimination/constipation and possible obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

procedure that allows for clear x-ray of colon

A

Barium Enema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A barium enema is used to see what?

A

polyps, tumors, and lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A barium enema is contraindicated with what conditions?

A
  • active IBS
  • bowel perforation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endoscopy Nursing Considerations

A

pre-procedure:
- NPO 8 hrs prior to procedure
- signed informed consent
- verify allergies
- sedation used

post-procedure:
- assess LOC
- NPO after until gag reflex returns
- check vitals
- monitor for signs of perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major S/S of perforation after an endoscopy?

A
  • sudden onset of pain
  • may be throat or back pain
  • bleeding (inc. HR, dec. BP)
  • unusual difficulty swallowing
  • rapidly elevating temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

procedure done to screen for colon cancer using a flexible fiber optic cable

A

colonoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Colonoscopy Nursing Considerations

A

pre-procedure:
- golytely (most common prep)
- NPO past midnight

post-op:
- assess for s/s of bowel perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

s/s of bowel perforation

A
  • rectal bleeding
  • sudden onset of abd pain
  • cramping
  • abd distension
  • fever
  • focal peritoneal signs (rebound, rigidity, guarding, pain, distension, N/V, paralytic ileus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GI disorder caused by gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that is associated with antibiotic use; can be community or hospital acquired

A

c. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which antibiotics are most likely to cause c. diff?

A

cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, levaquin, ciprofloxin, clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

potential complications of c. diff

A
  • dehydration
  • electrolyte imbalances (potassium especially)
  • skin break down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/S of c. diff

A

liquid stools, frequency, distention, rumbling noise in intestines, thirst, loss of appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C. diff nursing considerations

A
  • strict I/O
  • auscultate
  • palpate for tenderness
  • assess hydration status
  • assess perianal area
  • stool specimen
  • may be NPO

short term:
- avoid: bulky food, alcohol, dairy, fatty and fried foods
- monitor serum electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acute abdomen potential complications

A
  • peritonitis
  • sepsis
  • septic shock
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

localized or generalized inflammation of the peritoneum, usually bc of a bacterial infection

A

peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S/S of peritonitis

A
  • rebound tenderness
  • rigidity
  • guarding
  • severe pain
  • distention
  • N/V
  • paralytic ileus
  • absent bowel sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What usually causes a paralytic ileus?

A

surgery, narcotic pain med uses, peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

condition with s/s of intestinal obstruction, but without a physical blockage

A

paralytic ileus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the immediate response of the intestinal tract to peritonitis?

A

paralytic ileus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis tools for peritonitis

A
  • inc. WBC
  • H&H may drop (if bleeding occurs)
  • altered serum electrolytes
  • culture of abd blood and fluid
  • x-ray may show: air, fluid levels, distended bowel loops
  • ultrasound may show: abscess, fluid collection
  • CT scan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nursing Considerations for Peritonitis

A
  • assess abdomen (placement of NG tube for gastric decompression)
  • fluid and electrolyte balance (strict I/O, daily weights)
  • vital signs q4h
  • nutritional support
  • comfort (N/V management)
  • pain management
  • post-op care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Peritonitis treatment options

A
  • fluid and electrolyte replacement to prevent septic shock
  • surgery
  • drain fluid or abscess
  • NG suction
  • antibiotics
  • pain management
  • antiemetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

inflamed, infected appendix

A

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the most common cause of acute abdomen in the U.S?

A

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

S/S of appendicitis

A
  • vague, poorly localized periumbilical pain
  • anorexia
  • sharp RLQ pain (McBurney’s Point)
  • increased WBC
  • low grade fever
  • nausea
  • rebound tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Potential complications of Appendicitis

A
  • gangrene
  • perforation
  • abscess formation
31
Q

Nursing management of appendicitis

A
  • pain relief
  • preventing dehydration
  • surgical site infection
  • maintaining skin integrity
  • preventing atelectasis
  • administering ordered antibiotics
  • monitor for peritonitis and septic shock
  • never use heat/heating pad
32
Q

A NG tube sits where?

A

stomach

33
Q

A NE tube sits where?

A

duodenum or jejunum

34
Q

Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy tubes are ordered when?

A

Tube feedings lasting longer than 4 weeks

35
Q

GI tube indications

A
  • decompress the stomach
  • lavage the stomach
  • administer meds and feedings
  • compress a bleeding site
  • aspirate gastric contents for analysis
36
Q

Potential GI tube complications

A
  • fluid volume deficit
  • electrolyte imbalance
37
Q

erosion of the mucosal lining and gastric, duodenal, and esophageal ulcers

A

peptic ulcer disease

38
Q

What are the common causes of peptic ulcer disease?

A
  • NSAIDs
  • H. pylori infection
39
Q

Potential causes of stress ulcers

A
  • burns
  • shock
  • sepsis
  • ventilator-dependence
  • trauma
  • after surgery
40
Q

Which ulcer presents pain immediately after eating?

A

gastric ulcer

41
Q

Which ulcer presents pain 2-3 hours after eating?

A

duodenal ulcer

42
Q

Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer disease

A

s/s of bleeding

43
Q

Peptic Ulcer treatment

A
  • antibiotics (if caused by H. pylori)
  • smoking cessation
  • avoiding caffeine and alcohol
  • eating regular meals
44
Q

Peptic Ulcer Nursing Considerations

A
  • monitor for hemorrhage
  • relieve pain
  • NG tube may be required
  • assess for signs of perforation
45
Q

Intestinal obstructions most commonly occur where?

A

small intestine

46
Q

What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction?

A

surgical adhesion

47
Q

inflammation or surgery leading to tissues bonding together

A

adhesion

48
Q

types of mechanical obstructions

A
  • hernias
  • tumors
  • carcinoma
  • stool impaction
  • gallstones
  • volvulus (twisted intestines)
  • foreign bodies
49
Q

common causes of functional obstructions

A
  • abd surgery
  • peritonitis
  • diabetes
  • pancreatitis
  • appendicitis
  • hypokalemia
  • narcotics
  • lumbar and thoracic fx
50
Q

What is the initial symptom of an intestinal obstruction?

A

crampy, wavelike pain due to persistant peristalsis and vomiting

51
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of an intestinal obstruction?

A
  • N/V (eventually fecal matter)
  • abd pain and distension
  • unable to pass gas
  • obstipation
  • slow large bowel progression that may only manifest as constipation
52
Q

What are teh common s/s of a bowel perforation?

A
  • rectal bleeding
  • sudden onset abd pain
  • pain worsening suddenly
  • abd distension
  • fever
  • peritoneal signs (rebound, guarding, rigidity, etc)
  • inc HR and dec BP
53
Q

Diagnostic tools for a bowel obstruction

A

x-ray and CT

54
Q

Management of bowel obstruction

A
  • NPO
  • NG tube insertion
  • IV fluids
  • K+ replacement
  • nutritional support
  • possible colonoscopy to untwist and decompress large bowel
55
Q

What are the two kinds of inflammatory bowel disease?

A
  • ulcerative colitis
  • crohn’s disease
56
Q

inflammation of the small and large intestines

A

Crohn’s disease

57
Q

inflammation and/or ulceration of the colon

A

ulcerative colitis

58
Q

clinical manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease

A
  • diarrhea
  • weight loss
  • abd pain
  • fever
  • fatigue
59
Q

inflammatory bowel disease complications

A
  • hemorrhage
  • strictures
  • perforation
  • abscesses
  • fistulas (Crohn’s)
  • colonic dilation (toxic megacolon)
60
Q

IBD dx studies

A
  • Hx and physical exam
  • blood studies (CBC, WBC, serum electrolyte disorders, sed rate)
  • stool examination
  • stool cultures
  • CT scan
61
Q

Crohn’s vs Colitis Location

A
  • crohn’s : ileum, ascending colon
  • colitis: rectum, descending colon
62
Q

Crohn’s vs Colitis Bleeding

A
  • crohn’s: if it occurs, it is mild
  • colitis: severe
63
Q

Crohn’s vs Colitis Diarrhea

A
  • crohn’s: less severe
  • colitis: severe
64
Q

Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Manifestations

A
  • diarrhea with mucus (10-20 liquid stools/day)
  • diarrhea is severe and may be bloody
  • rectal bleeding
  • LLQ abd pain
  • pallor, anemia, fatigue
  • weight loss
  • electrolyte and fluid loss
  • symptoms range from mild to severe
  • remissions and relapses
65
Q

ulcerative colitis complications

A
  • hemorrhage
  • perforation
  • peritonitis
  • colon cancer
66
Q

Crohn’s Disease Clinical Manifestations

A
  • diarrhea (up to 20x/day)
  • steatorrhea
  • dehydration
  • mild diarrhea (if it even occurs)
  • rapid weight loss
  • malabsorption
  • fever and fatigue
  • periods of remission and exacerbation
67
Q

Crohn’s Disease Complications

A
  • small bowel obstruction
  • severe malnutrition
  • strictures and fistula
  • anal fissures
  • small bowel cancer
  • abscesses
  • peritonitits
68
Q

Management of acute IBD exacerbations

A
  • NPO
  • IV fluids and TPN
  • electrolyte replacement if needed
69
Q

What should be done as an IBD exacerbation resolves?

A
  • clear liquids -> full liquids
  • low-fiber, high protein, high calorie diet
  • vitamin and iron supplements
  • determine food triggers and avoid
70
Q

What high fiber foods should be eliminated from someone’s diet if they have IBD?

A
  • whole grain breads
  • cereal
  • nuts
  • seeds
  • raw or dried fruits

eliminate dairy products

71
Q

What are the surgical options for ulcerative colitis?

A
  • total proctocolectomy w/ permanent ileostomy

this is a curative surgery!

72
Q

What are the surgical options for crohn’s?

A
  • partial or complete colectomy with ileostomy

not curative!

73
Q

What is the patient goal post-op?

A
  • promoting independence in caring for colostomy

NURS 3313 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions