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Immunology > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Anaphylatctic & atopic

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2
Q

What happens in Type I hypersensitivity rxns?

A

Free Ag cross-links IgE on presensitized mast cells & basophils, triggering release of vasoactive amines that act at postcapillary venules

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3
Q

What is the onset of a Type I hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Rxn develops rapidly after Ag exposure b/c of preformed Ab

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4
Q

What is the test for Type I hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Skin test for specific IgE

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5
Q

What is a Type II hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Cytotoxic (Ab mediated)

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6
Q

What happens in a Type II hypersensitivity rxn?

A

IgM, IgG bind to fixed Ag on “enemy” cell l/t cellular destruction

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7
Q

What are the 3 mech of Type II hypersensitivity rxns?

A
  • Opsonization l/t phagocytosis or complement activation
  • Complement-med lysis
  • Ab-dependent cell-med cytotoxic (ADCC) usually d/t NK cells
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8
Q

Ab & complement lead to ___ ____ ___.

A

Membrane attack complex

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9
Q

What are the tests for Type II hypersensitivity rxns?

A

Direct & indirect Coombs’

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10
Q

What are Type III hypersensitiviy rxns?

A

Immune complex

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11
Q

What happens in Type III hypersensitivity rxns?

A

Ag-Ab (IgG) complexes activate complement, which attracts neutrophils

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12
Q

What do neutrophils release in Type II hypersensitivity rxns?

A

Lysosomal enzymes

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13
Q

What is Serum sickness?

A

An immune complex dz in which Ab’s to the foreign proteins are produced (takes 5 days). Immune complexes form & are depositied in membranes where they fix complement

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14
Q

Most serum sickness is now cause by drugs acting as ____.

A

Haptens

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15
Q

What are the sx of Serum sickness?

A
  • Fever
  • Uticaria
  • Athralgia
  • Proteinuria
  • Lymphadenopathy
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16
Q

When does serum sickness present?

A

5-10 days after Ag exposure

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17
Q

Is serum sickness or Arthus rxn MC?

A

Serum sickness

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18
Q

What is Arthus reaction?

A

A local subacute Ab-med hypersensitivity rxn. Intradermal injection of Ag induces Abs which form Ag-Ab complexes in skin

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Arthus rxn?

A
  • Edema
  • Necrosis
  • Activation of complement
20
Q

What causes Arthus rxn?

A

Ag-Ab complexes

21
Q

What is the test for Arthus rxn?

A

Immunofluorescent staining

22
Q

What is Type IV hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Delayed (T-cell med) type

23
Q

What happens in Type IV hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Sensitized T lymphocytes encounter Ag & then release lymphokines (l/t macrophage activation; no Ab involved)

24
Q

What are the 4 T’s of Type IV hypersensitivty rxn?

A
  • T lymphocytes
  • Transplant rejections
  • TB skin test
  • Touching (contact dermatitis)
25
Q

What are the tests for Type IV hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Patch test & PPD

26
Q

What are some examples of Type I hypersensitivity rxn?

A
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Allergic & atopic disorders
27
Q

What is the presentation of Type I hypersensitivity rxns?

A

Immediate, anaphylatic, atopic

28
Q

What are some examples of Type II hypersensitivity rxns?

A
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
  • Pernicious anemia
  • idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Erythroblastosis fetalis
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Goodpasture’s synd
  • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Pemphigous vulgaris
29
Q

What is the presentation of Type II hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Dz tends to be specific to tissue or site where Ag is found

30
Q

What are some examples of Type III hypersensitivty rxns?

A
  • SLE
  • Polyarteritis nodosa
  • Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • Serum sickness
  • Arthus rxn
31
Q

How do Type III hypersensitivity rxns present?

A

Can be assoc w/ vasculitis & systemic manifestations

32
Q

What are some examples of Type IV hypersensitivity rxns?

A
  • MS
  • Guillain-Barré synd
  • PPD
  • Contact dermatitis
33
Q

How do Type IV hypersensitivity rxns present?

A

Response is delayed & does NOT involve Abs

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a Blood transfusions Allergic rxn?

A

Type I hypersensitivity rxn against plasma proteins in transfused blood

35
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a blood transfusion allergic rxn?

A
  • Urticaria
  • Pruritus
  • Wheezing
  • Fever
36
Q

What is the tx for blood transfusion allergic rxn?

A

Antihistamines

37
Q

What is the pathogenesis of blood transfusion Anaphylactic rxn?

A

Severe rxn, IgA-def individuals must receive lood products that lack IgA

38
Q

What is the clinical presentation of blood transfusion Anaphylactic rxn?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Bronchospasm
  • HOTN
  • Resp arrest
  • Shock
39
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion rxn (FNHTR)?

A

Type II hypersensitivity rxn

Host Ab against donor HLA Ag & leukocytes

40
Q

What is the clinical presentation of FNHTR?

A
  • Fever
  • HA
  • Chills
  • Flushing
41
Q

What is the pathogenesis of an Acute hemolytic transfusion rxn (HTR)?

A

Type II hypersensitivity rxn

Intravascular or extravascular hemolysis

42
Q

What is intravascular hemolysis?

A

ABO blood group incompatibility

43
Q

What is extravascular hemolysis?

A

Host Ab rxn against foreign Ag on donor RBCs

44
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a HTR?

A
  • Fever
  • HOTN
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Flank pain
  • Hemoglobinemia
  • Jaundice
45
Q

What is hemoglobinemia an example of?

A

Intravascular hemolysis

46
Q

What is Jaundice an example of?

A

Extravascular hemolysis

Immunology (7 decks)

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