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Immunology > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivities

A

Type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4

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2
Q

what is the most common type of hypersensitivity

A

Type 1

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3
Q

the initial exposure of an Antigen and production of antibodies to that Ag is called ?

A

sensitization

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4
Q

T/F All types of hypersensitivity MUST have sensitization of the Ag before a hypersensitive reaction can occur

A

True

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5
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by what antibody

A

IgE

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6
Q

How fast does the type 1 hypersensitivity occur after reexposures to an antigen/allergen

A

w/in minutes

FAST*

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7
Q

What are the 5 syndromes associated w/ type hypersensitivity

A 
1 - systemic anaphylaxis
2 - hives/ wheel and flare
3 - Hay fever
4 - asthma
5 - food allergy
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8
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity is often referred to as an _______ hypersensitivity

A

allergy or immediate

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9
Q

The release of mast cells in type 1 hypersensitivity triggers a biphasic response, what does this mean

A

1 - Immediate effects : dilation of vessels, vascular permability
2 - late response - inflammation via cytokine prod.

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10
Q

During the immediate response of type I hypersensitivity, a mast cell will degranulate causing release of vasoactive amines, and lipid mediators. What are the 2 lipid mediators we are responsible to know

A

Prostanglandins - vasoconstrict lungs

Leukotrines - bronchoconstriction and increase vascular permeability

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11
Q

during the late phase of the type I hypersensitivity, cytokines are secreted, in particular which ones ? What is their main responsibility

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Recruit eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes

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12
Q

lipid mediators prostanglandins and leukotrines are derived from what ?

A

arachodonic acid

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13
Q

What is the role of ITAMS in type I hypersensitivity

A

start signal cascade leading to degranulation of mast cell

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14
Q

once ITAMS is activated, it activates Map Kinase. what does Map kinase activate

A

1 - PKC

2 - production of cytokines

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15
Q

One of the responsibilites of Map kinase in the Type I hypersensitivity pathway is to activate PKC. What are teh two roles of PKC ?

A

1 - signal for movement of mast cells to surface and release granules
2 - Activate PLA

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16
Q

what does PLA activate in the type I hypersensitivity reaction

A

PLA —-> arachodonic acid —-> lipid mediators

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17
Q

what are teh most common signs/symptoms of asthma

A

cough, wheezing, shortness of breath

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18
Q

what is the most common trigger for asthma

A

dust mites

-there are hundreds of others though

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19
Q

dust mites secrete what specific enzyme that can enter through tight junctions and trigger mast cell degranulation

A

Der p 1

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20
Q

What are the 2 treatments strategies for asthma

A
  • inhaled corticosteroids

- leukotriene modifiers

21
Q

what is the functional role of eosinophils

A

kill parasites

22
Q

the most severe form of type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity is _____ ? Why ?

A

anaphylaxis

  • severe drop in BP
  • severe bronchoconstriction
23
Q

Type II hypersensitivity is involved w/ what antibody

A

IgG

24
Q

In type I hypersensitivity mast cells are activated, what does the binding of an antigen in type II hypersensitivity activate ?

A

Complement system proteins

25
Q

What are the 3 types of Type II hypersensitivities we need to know ?

A

1 - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
2 - Myasthenia gravis
3 - Graves disease

26
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia targets what cells

A

fetal RBCs

27
Q

Myasthenia gravis does what to cause type II hypersensitivity

A

blocks Ach receptor (results in muscle weakness/paralysis)

28
Q

Graves disease does what to cause type II hypersensitivity

A

stimutates TSH receptor

29
Q

What are the treament strategies for 1) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 2) Myastenia gravis 3) Graves disease

A

1 - prednisone, blood transfusion or rhogam
2 - myasthenia gravis - cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteriods
3 - graves disease - radioactive iodine or anti-thyroid drugs

30
Q

what is unique about type 3 hypersensitivites when an Ag comes into contact with an Ab

A

form an immune complex and clump together forming deposits in vessels

31
Q

which type of immune-complex clumps would cause a type III hypersensitive reaction, Large aggregates or excess small aggregates

A

small aggregates b/c can deposit in excess in vessels and tissues = obstruct flow = occluded vessels

32
Q

how long does a type III hypersensitive reaction occur after reexposure

A

3-10 hours

33
Q

type III hypersensitivy induces inflammation in what 2 mechanisms ?

A

1 - mast cell activation

2 - macrophage release of TNF-x and IL-1 (induce inflammatory cascade)

34
Q

The arthus reaction is triggered in the skin by IgG, this is an ex of what type of hypersensitivity

A

type III

35
Q

what are the 3 examples of type III hypersensitivity we need to know

A

1 - arthus reaction
2 - serum sickness
3 - SLE (systemic lupus erythmatous)

36
Q

how would one be exposed to arthus reaction (type III hypersensitivity)

A
  • repeated subcutaneous vaccinations

- high levels of IgG immune complexes

37
Q

the classic example for a transient immune-complex mediated syndrome is called

A

serum sickness

38
Q

what is unique about the duration and treatment of serum sickness (type III hypersensitivity)

A

self limiting and will resolve itself over time

39
Q

the most severe of the type III hypersensitivities is what ? Why is this ?

A

SLE (systemic lupus erythmatous)

-b/c its IgG fighting against a SELF-Ag

40
Q

What is unique about type IV hypersensitivities

A

involve T cells inducing macrophage infiltration

41
Q

when does a type 4 hypersensitivity occur after reexposure to an Ag

A

2-3 days

*** DTH or delayed type hypersensitivity **

42
Q

What are the 5 examples of type 4 hypersensitivities that bitch Stiner Jones wants us to know ?

A 
1 - Tuberculin hypersensitivty
2 - contact dermatitis
3 - chronic asthma
4 - Crohns disease
5 - graft rejection
43
Q

type 4 hypersensitivities are initiated by _______ with the help of APC’s

A

haptens

**haptens alone to small to elicit immune response ***

44
Q

The tuberculin test is conducted by injecting Ag intradermally and then looking for a response w/in 2-3 days. If there was a response it would be mediated by what kind of t cells

A

TH1 cells

45
Q

contact dermatitis is a type of type 4 hypersensitivity and occurs in 2 phases, what are they

A

1 - sensitization - exposure to Ag and formation of CD4 memory T cells
2 - elicitation - reexposure and T cells relaease IFN-gamma to recruit macs

46
Q

chronic asthma is a type 4 hypersensitivity. What t cells mediate this reaction and what do they cause ?

A

Mast cell degranulation causes TH2 cells to increase eosinophils

47
Q

Initial presentation of what type 4 hypersensitivity may be in the oral cavity

A

Crohns disease

-type of bowel disease

48
Q

For all types of hypersensitivites, which of them occur b/c of soluble antigens ?
Which occur b/c of Ag found on cell surface

A

Type 1,3,4 find soluble antigens

Type 2 find cell surface Ag

Immunology (12 decks)

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