Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Cytokines, Chemokines, and Their receptors > Flashcards

Cytokines, Chemokines, and Their receptors Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cytokine

A

protein that mediates the functions of the immune resonse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of cells can produce cytokines

A
  • lymphocytes
  • macrophages
  • all cells of innate and adaptive immune systems
  • tons of cells*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytokines that attract cells are known as

A

chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in general, cytokine secretions are _____ and ______

A

brief and self-limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The action of cytokines is said to be pleitropic and redundant, what does this mean

A

means cytokines elicit multiple different effects, and that 2 diff. cytokines can signal for the same effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytokines are A) synergistic B) antagonistic or C) Both

A

C both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F the production of one cytokine Does NOT influence other cytokines, they only act on themselves

A

False, cytokines influence eacthother dramatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytokines can act locally and systemically, what are the 2 secretion stratagies that secrete locally and what secretion strategy acts systemically

A

Locally - paracrine and autocrine

Systemically - endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do cytokines initiate their actions

A

by binding to specific membrane receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cytokine receptor-ligand ligation results in ________ which in turn causes cellular action

A

gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what pro-inflammatory cytokine of the innate immune response is the principle mediator of the inflammatory response

A

TNF-alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TNF-alpha is part of the innate immune response and can have 4 downstream effects, what are they

A

1 - increase selectin ligand expression
2 - increase P and E selectin expression
3 - increase chemokine expression
4 - increase integrin ligand expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F No matter what the quantitiy of TNF-alpha produced, it will always result in beneficial effects

A

False, to much production of TNF-alpha = sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IL-1 has is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the innate immune response and has the same effects as _____

A

TNF-alpha

example of redundancy of cytokines*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some characteristics of IL-6 ?

A
  • pro-inflammatory cytokine of innate immunity

- involved in induction of acute phase of inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

during an infection what causes you to feel sick ?

A

Increase in production of cytokines cause feelings of sickness b/c they travel to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IL-12 is part of the innate immune response, what is it role ?

A
  • primary mediator of intracellular pathogens

- production of Th1 immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IL-12 leads to production of what type of helper t cells, and what type of immunity do these cells promote

A

type 1 helper t cells (Th1)

-promote cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

IL-12 induces the production of _______

A

INF-gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what cytokines are involved with Th1 type immunity (cell-mediated) ?

A

IFN-gamma, (IL-12)

protect against intracellular pathogens*

21
Q

what cytokines are involved with Th2 type immunity (humoral) ?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, (IL-2)

all fight against extracellular pathogens*

22
Q

which cytokines are considered part of the innate immunity and considered inflammatory cytokines

A

TNF-alpha
IL-1
IL-6

23
Q

Th1 cells protect against _____ pathogens whereas Th2 cells protect against _______ pathogens

A

Th1 - intracellular

Th2 - extracellular

24
Q

what cytokines are considered part of the adaptive immunity

A

IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

25
Q

IL-2 is primarily needed for what ?

A

Growth/clonal expansion of T cells

26
Q

IFN-gamma is produced by _______ and has what 4 functions ?

A
  • IL-12
    1) activate macrophages
    2) increase opsonization
    3) increase Ag presentation
    4) enhance microbicidal activity
27
Q

what is the key Th2 cytokine, and what does it do ?

A

IL-4, induces naive T cells to differentiated Th2 cells

28
Q

what 2 cytokines promote isotype or class switching to IgE

A

IL-4 and IL-13

29
Q

what is the function of IgE

A

binds to parasites and destroys extracellular pathogens

30
Q

IL-13 is very similar to _____ and is responsible for stimulating mucous production in the gut and lung to decrease parasites

A

IL-4

31
Q

what is the primary role of IL-5

A

production of eosinophils to fight off parasites

32
Q

what cytokine is involved in allergic responses

A

IL-5

33
Q

what is the inhibitory cytokine ? and what does it inhibit ?

A

IL-10

-inhibits the production of IL-12 which would decrease IFN-gamma = decreased cytotoxic activty

34
Q

what is the primary role of chemokines

A

regulate migration of cells (chemotactic cytokines)

35
Q

chemokines are classified based on the number and location of ?

A

N-terminal cysteine residues

36
Q

in nomenclature of chemokines, it is important to remember that chemokine subclass bind/match to what ?

A 
receptor subclass
EX: CXC chemokines bind to CXC chemokine receptors
37
Q

chemokine ligands are loyal and chemokine receptors are sluts, what does this mean ?

A

chemokine ligands only bind to its ONE specific receptor whereas receptor can bind with multiple diff. ligands

38
Q

activated immune cells follow a ____________ in order to get to the site of infection

A

chemokine gradient

39
Q

what are the 5 receptor families for chemokines and cytokines

A 
Type 1 cytokine receptor
Type II cytokine receptor
TNF receptor 
IL-I receptor
G protein coupled receptor
40
Q

how are the different families of receptors for chemokines and cytokines distinguished

A

based upon their extracellular binding domain and intracellular signalling domain

41
Q

what cytokines are in the Type I cytokine receptor family

A

IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13

42
Q

what is the intracellular signaling pathway for Type I cytokine receptors

A

Jak-STAT cascade

43
Q

what cytokines are in the type II receptor family

A

IFN-gamma, IL-10

44
Q

what intracellular signal pathway does type II cytokine receptors use

A

Jak-STAT pathway

45
Q

what cytokine are in the TNF receptor family and what signal cascades do they use

A

TNF-alpha

-use multiple signal cascades that can lead top apoptosis

46
Q

what cytokine uses the IL-I receptor family, and what is its intracellular signalling pathway

A

IL-1alpha or IL-1Beta

-uses IRAK activating cascade

47
Q

what receptor family is very similar to Toll-like receptors

A

IL-1

48
Q

what cytokines use the the G-protein coupled receptor family, and how many transmembrane protein receptors are present in all G protein receptors

A

All chemokines

-7

Immunology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions