Adaptive Immune Response to Extracellular Pathogens Flashcards
What are the 2 arms of the adaptive immune response
1 ) humoral arm (B cells)
2) cell mediated arm (T cells)
which arm of the adaptive immune response is primarily responsible for controlling extracellular pathogens
humoral arm (B cells)
what are the 5 main antibody categories that B cells produce
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
what is the ONLY Ab/Ig that can be made w/o isotype switching
IgM
What are the main responsibility of the humoral immune resonse ?
Production of antibodies
T/F Naive B cells can produce antibodies
F, B cells MUST become activated to produce antibodies
Naive B cells can be activated 2 different ways, what are tehy
T cell- Independant
T-cell Dependant
Explain T cell independant activation of B cells
1 - Ag enters
2 - Causes activation of complement system
3 - signal transduction pathway
4 - B cell activation
In which mechanism of B cell activation is the NO isotype switching
T cell independant activation of B cells
If there is no isotype switching in t cell ind. activation of B cells, what antibody will be produced by default
IgM
Which mechanism of B cell activation generally shows up quicker after an exposure to a intracellular pathogen ? Why ?
T cell ind. B cell activation ---NO class switching = less time
What type of cell is the main APC ?
dendritic cells
Explain T cell- dependant activation of B cells
B cell can NOT be activated until naive CD4 T cell becomes effector helper T cell
- Activation of Th1 (helper T) cell = activation of B cell
- Both B cell receptor and Th1 cell must bind same AG*
Isotype Switching is a result of what type of B cell activation
T cell dependant B cell activation
What specific types of T cells help in B cell activation
helper t cells
What is the most prevalent Ab isotype in the human body
IgG
what specific Ab is most commonly found in the mouth
IgA (mucosal surfaces)
where would you find long lived plasma B cells and memory B cells
bone marrow or lymph nodes
Antibodies have 3 main strategies to defend extracellular pathogens, what are they ?
- Complement activation
- opsonization
- Nuetralization
What are the 3 main Ab involved in complement activation
IgM, IgG, IgA
what is the difference b/w active and passive immunizations
Active - inject Ag to stimulate own host immune response
Passive - inject preformed Ab
which type of immunization is also called a vaccination
active immunization
what are the 2 greatest health interventions that impact world health to prevent illness
clean water
vaccinations
which is more effective, a live attenuated vaccine or killed vaccine ? WHy?
live attenuated
-stimulates a more robust immune response
what are the 2 types of live vaccines
heterologous vaccine - related to organism but w/lesser virulence
live recombinant vaccine - genetically engineered to resemble organism
what type of patient would a live attenuated vaccine NOT be reccomended for ? why ?
immunocomprimised patient
-injected Ag could potentially revert
what are some of the drawbacks of killed vaccines
- not as strong Ab response so need multiple doses
- expensive
what are the two regions of an Ab
Fc region (interacts to activate additional antibodies) Fab region (antigen bidning region)
Opsonization tags what region of the Ab
Fc region
Activated B cells can become either a plasma cell or a memory cell, what is the difference ?
- Plasma B cell - produces specific Ab
- Memory B cells - remembers the specific Ag for later use to recall faster
