Adaptive Immune Response to Extracellular Pathogens

Question 1

What are the 2 arms of the adaptive immune response

Answer 1

1 ) humoral arm (B cells)

2) cell mediated arm (T cells)

Question 2

which arm of the adaptive immune response is primarily responsible for controlling extracellular pathogens

Answer 2

humoral arm (B cells)

Question 3

what are the 5 main antibody categories that B cells produce

Answer 3

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

Question 4

what is the ONLY Ab/Ig that can be made w/o isotype switching

Answer 4

IgM

Question 5

What are the main responsibility of the humoral immune resonse ?

Answer 5

Production of antibodies

Question 6

T/F Naive B cells can produce antibodies

Answer 6

F, B cells MUST become activated to produce antibodies

Question 7

Naive B cells can be activated 2 different ways, what are tehy

Answer 7

T cell- Independant

T-cell Dependant

Question 8

Explain T cell independant activation of B cells

Answer 8

1 - Ag enters
2 - Causes activation of complement system
3 - signal transduction pathway
4 - B cell activation

Question 9

In which mechanism of B cell activation is the NO isotype switching

Answer 9

T cell independant activation of B cells

Question 10

If there is no isotype switching in t cell ind. activation of B cells, what antibody will be produced by default

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

Which mechanism of B cell activation generally shows up quicker after an exposure to a intracellular pathogen ? Why ?

Answer 11

T cell ind. B cell activation 
---NO class switching = less time

Question 12

What type of cell is the main APC ?

Answer 12

dendritic cells

Question 13

Explain T cell- dependant activation of B cells

Answer 13

B cell can NOT be activated until naive CD4 T cell becomes effector helper T cell

• Activation of Th1 (helper T) cell = activation of B cell
• Both B cell receptor and Th1 cell must bind same AG*

Question 14

Isotype Switching is a result of what type of B cell activation

Answer 14

T cell dependant B cell activation

Question 15

What specific types of T cells help in B cell activation

Answer 15

helper t cells

Question 16

What is the most prevalent Ab isotype in the human body

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

what specific Ab is most commonly found in the mouth

Answer 17

IgA (mucosal surfaces)

Question 18

where would you find long lived plasma B cells and memory B cells

Answer 18

bone marrow or lymph nodes

Question 19

Antibodies have 3 main strategies to defend extracellular pathogens, what are they ?

Answer 19

• Complement activation
• opsonization
• Nuetralization

Question 20

What are the 3 main Ab involved in complement activation

Answer 20

IgM, IgG, IgA

Question 21

what is the difference b/w active and passive immunizations

Answer 21

Active - inject Ag to stimulate own host immune response

Passive - inject preformed Ab

Question 22

which type of immunization is also called a vaccination

Answer 22

active immunization

Question 23

what are the 2 greatest health interventions that impact world health to prevent illness

Answer 23

clean water

vaccinations

Question 24

which is more effective, a live attenuated vaccine or killed vaccine ? WHy?

Answer 24

live attenuated

-stimulates a more robust immune response

Question 25

what are the 2 types of live vaccines

Answer 25

heterologous vaccine - related to organism but w/lesser virulence
live recombinant vaccine - genetically engineered to resemble organism

Question 26

what type of patient would a live attenuated vaccine NOT be reccomended for ? why ?

Answer 26

immunocomprimised patient

-injected Ag could potentially revert

Question 27

what are some of the drawbacks of killed vaccines

Answer 27

• not as strong Ab response so need multiple doses

- expensive

Question 28

what are the two regions of an Ab

Answer 28

Fc region (interacts to activate additional antibodies)
Fab region (antigen bidning region)

Question 29

Opsonization tags what region of the Ab

Answer 29

Fc region

Question 30

Activated B cells can become either a plasma cell or a memory cell, what is the difference ?

Answer 30

• Plasma B cell - produces specific Ab

- Memory B cells - remembers the specific Ag for later use to recall faster