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Immunology > Antibodies and complements > Flashcards

Antibodies and complements Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference b/w the primary and secondary response to an antigen

A

secondary is much more powerful and faster

basis of vaccinations*

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2
Q

what are the 3 basic functions of Ab ?

A

1 - opsonization (tag/label)
2 - complement fixation (once activated will destroy)
3 - direct nuetralization (bind and remove toxins)

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3
Q

what is the major isotype of immunglobins in blood serum ?

A

IgG

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4
Q

basic functions of IgG

A
  • neonatal immunity

- immunological memory

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5
Q

what is the basic structure of ALL Ab ?

A

Y shaped

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6
Q

Function of IgD and what percentage of blood serum does it make up ?

A

B cell receptor, so major Ig at surface of B cells

-rare in blood <1%

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7
Q

How much of IgE is in blood and what is its function

A

Scarce

  • found on surface of basophils and mast cells
  • kills lg. parasites
  • part of allergy response
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8
Q

what purpose do the multiple granules cells w/in mast cells serve ?

A

act like torpedos to attack parasites

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9
Q

what is the structure of IgA and where is it found

A
  • dimer

- secreted by saliva in oral cavity

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10
Q

what is the structure of IgM and why does this make it unique

A

-pentamer, allows it to sniff out antigens the fastest cuz so many arms making it first secreted Ab to respond

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11
Q

what Ig can serve as B cell receptors ?

A

IgD

IgM

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12
Q

what is the general role/significance of the complement system in immune response

A

complete the role of Ab

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13
Q

how do complement fragments become active ?

A
  • Start as proenzymes (inactive) w/masked active sites
  • proteolytic cleavage unmasks exposing active site
  • result in “active” fragments of complement molecules
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14
Q

what is the central component of complements

A

C3

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15
Q

what are known as the late components

A

C5-C9 (formation of the MAC)

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16
Q

what are the 3 principle functions of the complement system

A

1 - opsonization and cell activation
2 - chemotaxis
3 - lysis of target cells

17
Q

what is the difference in the complement systems functions of 1) opsonization and 2) chemotaxis

A

1) opsonization - complement fragments tag Ag for phagocytosis “eat me”
2) chemotaxis - complement fragements stimulate immune cells to move towards infection “find me”

18
Q

The complement systems ability to lyse target cells requires the assembly of what ?

A

membrane attack complex (MAC)

19
Q

what specific complement family members perform opsonization

A

opsonization - IC3b, C3b, C4b,

20
Q

what specific complement family member perform chemotaxiss

A

chemotaxis - C3a, C5a

21
Q

what specific family member of the complement system performs cell-mediated cytolysis

A

C5b

22
Q

the classical activating pathway for the complement system is part of the _____ immune response whereas the alternate pathway is part of the _____.

A
  • adaptive (needs Ag-Ab complex)

- innate (only need Ag)

23
Q

Explain the alternative activation pathway of the complement system

A

1 - cleave C3 = C3a and C3b
2 - in presence of Ag then C3b binds factor B = C3bB
3 - factor D cleaves C3bB = C3bBb ( C3 convertase)
4 - C3 convertase catalyzes more C3 and start over

24
Q

what is C3 convertase in the alternative pathway and what is its role

A

C3bBb

-catalyzes tons of C3 cleavage which engages more complement framents to become activated

25
Q

what occurs in the alternative pathway after C3 cleavage if no bacteria/Ag is present

A

1) C3b binds factor H = C3bH

2) C3bH is deactivated by factor I (inhibitory) = IC3B + H

26
Q

what is C5 convertase in the alternative pathway and what is its role

A

Binding of C3 convertase to another C3b cell = C3bBbC3b

-cuts C5 which activates the “late component” complement system

27
Q

what is the adapter component of the classical activation pathway of the complement system, how does this work

A

C1

- when it binds to Ab-Ag complex, undergoes conformational change (flat hand —>gay hand) and becomes activated

28
Q

would C1 bind to a free Ag ? what about a free Ab ?

A

It would bind to neither

only bind to Ab-Ag complex

29
Q

Explain the classical activation pathway of complement system

A

1) C1 binds Ag-Ab complex and becomes active
2) C1 cleaves C2 and C4 = C4b2a (C3 convertase)
3 C3 convertase cleaves more C3 (start over)

30
Q

what is C3 convertase in the classical actiavtion pathway

A

C4b2a

31
Q

what is C5 convertase in the classical activation pathway and what is its role

A

C4b2aC3b

-Cuts C5 which activates “late stage” of complement system

32
Q

what does C9 do ?

A

needed to traverse tthe membrane to form a membrane attack complex (MAC)

33
Q

what is required for the initiation of membrane attack complex (MAC), what enzyme produces this ?

A

C5b, C5 convertase cleaves C5=C5b

Immunology (12 decks)

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