Hyperplasia and carcinoma prostate

Question 1

benign prostate hyperplasia (nodular hyperplasia)

Answer 1

enlargement of prostate characterized by hyperplasia of stromal and glandular epithelial cells
usually affects central zone

Question 2

aetiopathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia

Answer 2

dihydrotestosterone binds to nuclear androgen receptors and signals transcription of growth factors causing hyperplasia

Question 3

pathology of benign prostate hyperplasia

Answer 3

glandular proliferation
small to large cystically dilated glands with intact basal cells and basement membrane
small areas of infarction
surrounding foci of squamous metaplasia present

Question 4

secondary changes in bladder after bph

Answer 4

hypertrophy
trabeculations
diverticular formation

Question 5

complications of bph

Answer 5

hydronephrosis

urinary tract infections

Question 6

clinical symptoms of bph

Answer 6

difficulty urinating 
overflow dribbling
dysuria
nocturia
acute urinary retention 
prone to urinary tract infections

Question 7

carcinoma of the prostate

Answer 7

affects peripheral zone

Question 8

risk factors of carcinoma of prostate

Answer 8

older age 
positive family history
race 
hormone levels
environmental factors