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Medicine Phase 2a Other (Infectious diseases etc) > Hyperparathyroidism > Flashcards

Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

What is it

A

When have too much parathyroid hormone produced by parathyroid gland

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2
Q

Types

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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3
Q

Primary cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroidism adenoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Parathyroid carcinoma
Drug induced, e.g. lithium

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4
Q

Secondary cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

Vitamin D deficiency

Chronic kidney injury

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5
Q

Tertiary cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

Prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms of primary

A 
Asymptomatic 
Bones e.g. pain, osteoporosis
Moans e.g. depression, fatigue
Groans e.g. myalgia
Stones e.g. kidney stones
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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of secondary

A

osteomalacia
rickets
renal osteodystrophy

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8
Q

Describe levels of each of these in Primary hyperparathyroidism
PTH level
Serum calcium
Serum phosphate

A

PTH level - high
Serum calcium - high
Serum phosphate - low

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9
Q

Describe levels of each of these in Secondary hyperparathyroidism
PTH level
Serum calcium
Serum phosphate

A

PTH level - high
Serum calcium - low
Serum phosphate - high

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10
Q

Describe levels of each of these in Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
PTH level
Serum calcium
Serum phosphate

A

PTH level - high
Serum calcium - high
Serum phosphate - low

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11
Q

Investigations

A 
PTH level, serum calcium, serum phosphate
Bloods: FBC, U/Es, LFTs, creatinine
Urine calcium level
Dual energy X-ray (DEXA) scan
Radiology
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12
Q

Radiology investigations

A

USS of kidneys and neck
X-ray (bone changes)
Parathyroid gland biopsy

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13
Q

Complications

A

Renal calculi
Acute pancreatitis
Peptic ulceration
Calcification of the cornea

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14
Q

Conservative treatment of primary

A

Monitoring

Increase intake of oral fluids

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15
Q

Medical treatment of primary

A

Bisphosphonates

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16
Q

Surgical treatment of primary

A

Parathyroidectomy

17
Q

Conservative treatment of secondary

A

Low phosphate and high calcium diet

18
Q

Medical treatment of secondary

A

Calcimimetics e.g. cinacalcet

19
Q

Surgical treatment of secondary

A

Parathyroidectomy

If unresponsive to medical therapy

20
Q

Surgical treatment of tertiary

A

Parathyroidectomy

Medicine Phase 2a Other (Infectious diseases etc) (26 decks)

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