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Medicine Phase 2a Other (Infectious diseases etc) > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

How to tell if bacteria is gram positive or gram negative

A

Gram-positive bacteria stain blue and pink with Gram stain. This is retained when washed with ethanol and water.

Gram-negative bacteria do not retain Gram stain when washed with ethanol and acetone.

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2
Q

Examples of Gram Positive bacterial infections

A 
Staphylococcal
Streptococcoal
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Listeriosis
Nocardia
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3
Q

Difference in appearance under microscope between Staphylococci and Streptococci

A

Staph grow in clusters

Strep grow in pairs or chains

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4
Q

Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A 
Skin infections
Osteomyelitis
Pneumonia
Endocarditis
Toxic shock syndrome
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5
Q

Virulence factors of Staphylococcus

A

SET:
Surface proteins for adherence
Enzymes
Toxins

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6
Q

Diseases caused by Streptococcal infections

A

Pneumonia and meningitis

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7
Q

Diseases caused by enterococci (type of Strep)

A

Urinary tract infections

Endocarditis

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8
Q

Are Streptococci aerobic or anaerobic

A

Facultative or obligate anaerobes

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9
Q

Virulence factors of Streptococci

A

Capsules, which resist phagocytosis
M protein, which inhibits the alternative pathway of the complement system
Pneumolysin, which destroys the membranes of host cells

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10
Q

What is anthrax

A

Spre forming Bacillus

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11
Q

What gram-positive bacteria causes Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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12
Q

Features of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Rod shaped

Exotoxin causes damage to heart and nerves

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13
Q

What gram-positive bacteria causes nocardia

A

Nocardia asteroides

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14
Q

Features of Nocardia asteroides

A

Aerobic
Grows in branched chains
Causes opportunistic infections with central nervous system involvement

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15
Q

What gram-positive bacteria causes listeriosis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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16
Q

What is Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram-positive bacteria
Facultative intracellular bacillus
Causes meningitis in the elderly and immunosuppressed

17
Q

Examples of Gram-Negative bacterial infections

A 
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Whooping cough
Pseudomonas infection
Neisserial infections
Granuloma inguinale
Chancroid
18
Q

What gram-negative bacteria causes whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis - a coccobacillus

19
Q

What gram-negative bacteria causes pseudomonas infection

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic aerobic bacillus

20
Q

What gram-negative bacteria causes Neisserial infections

A 
Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis)
N. gonorrhoeae (STI)
21
Q

What gram-negative bacteria causes granuloma inguinale

A

Klebsiella granulomatis (an encapsulated coccobacillus that causes ulcerative genital infection)

22
Q

What gram-negative bacteria causes chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

causes ulcerative genital infection

Medicine Phase 2a Other (Infectious diseases etc) (26 decks)

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