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Medicine Phase 2a Other (Infectious diseases etc) > Gram Positive or Negative? > Flashcards

Gram Positive or Negative? Flashcards

1
Q

Causative organism of Enteric fevers

A

Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (paratyphi)

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2
Q

Describe appearance of Salmonella enterica on microscopic examinations

A 
Gram-negative Bacillus
Pale colonies (lactose-negative) on MacConkey's agar
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3
Q

Causative organism of Gastritis/Duodenal Ulceration

A

Helicobacter pylori

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4
Q

Describe appearance of Helicobacter pylori on microscopic examinations

A

Gram-negative spiral bacillus

Microaerophilic and strongly urease-positive

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5
Q

Causes of diarrhoea

A 
Bacteria
Antibiotics
Viral
Protozoal
Food poisoning
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6
Q

Bacterial causes of diarrhoea

A 
Escherichia coli (ETEC and VTEC)
Vibrio cholerae
Shigella sonnei (dysenteriae)
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7
Q

What is ETEC and VTEC

A

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Verotoxigenic E. coli

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8
Q

Describe appearance of Escherichia coli on microscopic examinations

A

Gram-negative bacillus

Lactose-positive (red colonies) on MacConkeys agar

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9
Q

Describe appearance of Vibrio cholerae on microscopic examinations

A

Gram-negative rods

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10
Q

Describe appearance of Shigella sonnei on microscopic examinations

A

Gram-negative bacillus

Lactose-negative on MacConkeys agar (pale colonies)

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11
Q

Protozoal causes of diarrhoea

A

Cryptosporidium

Giardia

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12
Q

Viral causes of diarrhoea

A

Rotavirus

SRSV (norovirus)

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13
Q

Antibiotic-associated causes of diarrhoea

A

Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans

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14
Q

Microbiological causes of food poisoning and thus diarrhoea

A 
Slamonella
Camylobacter
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus
Staphylococcus aureus
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15
Q

Describe appearance of Campylobacter jejuni on microscopic examinations

A

Gram-negative (spirally curved) bacillus

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16
Q

What is Cryptosporidium parvum and what stain is used is show it

A

Protozoan

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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17
Q

Incubation period of Cryptosporidium

A

4-14 days

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18
Q

Diameter of rotavirus

A

70mm (wheel-like shape seen by electron microscopy)

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19
Q

Incubation period of rotavirus

A

1-7 days

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20
Q

Incubation period of salmonella spp. and related foods

A

16-48 hours

Poultry, eggs

21
Q

Incubation period of campylobacter spp and related foods

A

24-72 hours

Meat products

22
Q

Incubation period of Clostridium perfringens

A

12-24 hours

Cooked meats

23
Q

Incubation period of Staphylococcus aureus

A

1-6 hours

Finger food

24
Q

Incubation period of Bacillus cereus

A

1-6 hours

Rice

25
Q

Symptoms of salmonella spp

A

Diarrhoea

Some abdominal pain

26
Q

Symptoms of Campylobacter spp

A

Profuse diarrhoea

Sever abdominal pain

27
Q

Symptoms of Clostridium perfringens

A

Colicky abdominal pain

Diarrhoea

28
Q

Symptoms of staphylococcus aureus

A

Severe vomiting

Fever

29
Q

Symptoms of Bacillus cereus

A

Profuse vomiting

30
Q

How to diagnose Streptococcus pneumoniae

A 
Gram positive Cocci
Aerobic
Chains 
Catalase positive
Alpha-haemolytic
Optochin positive
31
Q

Diagnose Staphylococcus aureus

A 
Gram positive cocci
Aerobic
Clusters
Catalase negative
Coagulase positive
32
Q

Diagnose Neisseria

A

Gram Negative cocci

33
Q

Diagnose Strep. viridans

A 
Gram positive Cocci
Aerobic
Chains 
Catalase positive
Alpha-haemolytic
Optochin negative
34
Q

Stain used to identify Mycobacteria

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Acid fast positive

35
Q

Diagnosis of Mycob. tuberculosis

A

Rods
Ziehl-Neelsen/Acid fast positive
MTB complex

36
Q

Diagnose Escherichia (coli)

A

Rods
Gram-negative
Aerobic
Lactose fermenters

37
Q

What other bacteria is diagnosed the same way as Escherichia in the lab

A

Klebsiella

38
Q

Diagnose Listeria or Corynebacterium

A

Rods
Gram-positive
Aerobic

39
Q

Diagnose salmonella

A

Rods
Gram-negative
Aerobic
Non fermenter

40
Q

Diagnose Enterococcus

A 
Cocci
Gram positive
Aerobic
Chains
Streptococcus (catalase positive)
Non-haemolytic (Group D)
41
Q

Other bacteria diagnosed the same way as enterococcus

A

Streptococcus bovis

42
Q

Diagnose Shigella

A 
Same as salmonella:
Rods
Gram-negative
Aerobic
Non fermenter
43
Q

Diagnose Strep pyogenes

A 
Cocci
Gram-positive
Aerobic
Chains (Strep - catalase positive)
Beta haemolytic 
Group A
44
Q

Diagnose Staph epidermis

A 
Cocci
Gram positive
Aerobic
Clusters (staph - catalase negative)
Coagulase negative
45
Q

Diagnose pseudomonas

A 
Rods
Gram negative
Aerobic
Non-fermenters
Oxidase positive
46
Q

Diagnose Clostridium

A

Rods
Gram-positive
Anaerobic

47
Q

Diagnose Strep agalactiae

A 
Cocci
Gram positive
Aerobic
Chains (strep - catalase positive)
Beta haemolytic
Group B
48
Q

Examples of Gram-negative rods (aerobic) that are neither lactose or non-lactose fermenters

A 
Vibrio
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Haemophilus
Legionella

Medicine Phase 2a Other (Infectious diseases etc) (26 decks)

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