Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
What is the initial therapy for treatment of hyperlipidemia?
Lifestyle modifications
What is the first line drug therapy for hyperlipidemia?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
What is the other name for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Statins
What is the mechanism of action of statins?
They inhibit HMG-CoA reductase that is an enzyme that helps produce liver synthesis of cholesterol. By inhibiting the enzyme, the liver decreases synthesis cholesterol and increases cholesterol receptors and uptake of LDL-C. Statins can also help promote the decrease in atherosclerotic plaques through LDL-C reuptake
What are the common side effects of statins?
headache, rash, GI disturbances
What are adverse effects of statins?
Myopathy and rhabdo, hepatotoxicity, new-onset diabetes, reversible memory loss
What is a common education piece for patients on statins
Teaching about the S&S of myopathy
What is a lab value other than lipid panel you should monitor in patients on a statin?
LFTs d/t the ADR of hepatotoxicity
What is the category risk in pregnancy for statins?
Category X
What is the effect on LDL-C from statins?
% reduction is based on statin intensity
What food should patients on statins avoid?
Grapefruit d/t the CYP3A4 inhibition thus raising statin levels
When should follow up lipid panels be drawn?
6-8 weeks after initiation of therapy for adjustment
How often should we follow up with patients on statins?
6-8 weeks until at goal, then 8-12 weeks for the first year
What is the mechanism of action of the bile-acid sequestrants?
Prevent reabsorption of the bile acids by binding to the bile acids when excreted into the GI tract thus increasing the need for LDL-C uptake to promote the production of bile acids in the liver
What are common side effects of bile-acid sequestrants?
GI disturbances