Hypercalcemia Flashcards
What is hypercalcemia?
Serum calcium level greater than 10.2 mg/dL.
What are the causes of hypercalcemia?
Malignancy, hyperparathyroidism, and bone loss related to immobility.
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
Muscle weakness, incoordination, anorexia, constipation, nausea and vomiting, abdominal and bone pain, polyuria, thirst, ECG changes, dysrhythmias.
What is the medical management for hypercalcemia?
Treat underlying cause, fluids, furosemide, phosphates, calcitonin, bisphosphonates.
What is the nursing management for hypercalcemia?
Assessment, encourage ambulation, fluids of 3 to 4 L/d, provide fluids containing sodium unless contraindicated, fiber for constipation, ensure safety.
What is hypomagnesemia?
Serum magnesium level less than 1.3 mg/dL; evaluate in conjunction with serum albumin.
What are the causes of hypomagnesemia?
Alcoholism, GI losses, enteral or parenteral feeding deficient in magnesium, medications, rapid administration of citrated blood; contributing causes include diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, burns, hypothermia.
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia?
Neuromuscular irritability, muscle weakness, tremors, athetoid movements, ECG changes and dysrhythmias, alterations in mood and level of consciousness.
What is the medical management for hypomagnesemia?
Diet, oral magnesium, magnesium sulfate IV.
What is the nursing management for hypomagnesemia?
Assessment, ensure safety, patient teaching related to diet, medications, alcohol use, and nursing care related to IV magnesium sulfate.
What should be monitored in hypomagnesemia?
Hypomagnesemia is often accompanied by hypocalcemia; need to monitor and treat potential hypocalcemia.
What is a common issue in magnesium-depleted patients?
Dysphasia; assess ability to swallow with water before administering food or medications.
