Hygiene and Vitals Exam 1 Flashcards
Nosocomial Infections
Healthcare acquired infection
Soap and water indications
hands are visibly soiled, patient has known infection, after multiple applications of hand sanitizer
Hand washing indications
Before and after contact with patient, before and after gloves, after contact with wounds, bedpans, contaminated devices, before handling food, after bathroom
Hand wash process
roll up sleeves, wet hands, apply soap, wash 30 sec, dry hands w paper towel, turn off faucet w paper towel
Gloves/masks
If PTA has wound on hands or respiratory infection
Standard precautions
Hand hygiene, PPE, respiratory etiquette, disinfect equipment
Contact Precautions
Standard precaution plus wear gown and gloves
Droplet Precautions
Standard precautions plus wear a surgical mask
Airborne Precautions
Standard precaution plus Heavy Duty Mask. NIOSH-certified fit-tested N-95 Respirator
Pulse Rate
60-100 bpm
Factors affecting pulse
age, gender, exercise, emotions, heat, disease, medication
Pulse abnormalities
Badycardia >60 bpm Tachycardia < 100 bpm
Respiratory rate
12-20 rpm
Factors affecting respiration
age, body size, stature, exercise, body position, emotions, medications
Varieties of respiration
apnea, dyspnea, orthopnea, tachypnea, bradypnea, stertorus
Parameters for breathing
Depth and rhythm
BP
120/80 mmHg
Factors effecting BP
Blood volume, elasticity of arteries, age, exercise, arm position, emotions, posture, sodium intake, obesity
Korotkoff’s Sounds
Phase 1: Clear rhythmic tapping when blood flows through the artery (systolic)
Phase 2: murmur or swishing quality
Phase 3: crisp and louder sound
Phase 4: Sound is distinct, abrupt muffling (diastolic)
Phase 5: Sound disappears (2nd Diastolic), AHA recommends 5th sound to be used
Hypotension
BP < 90/60 mmHg, dizzy, light headed, fainting, blurred vision, nausea, fatigue
Contraindications for Vitals
Mastectomy, presence of IV, recent Fx, side of stroke, picc line
Pulse Oximetry
should be at least 90%
