Hydrotherapy/Massage Flashcards
Buoyancy
tendency to remain afloat in liquid
Archimede’s principle
an object immersed in water experiences an upward thrust equal to the weight of the water displaced
Upwards vs downard movements
upwards movement are assisted
downward movements are resisted
Specific gravity of water
1.00g/cm2 at 4 celsius
less than 1 will float
greater than 1 will sink
Hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by the water on the immersed part
Pascal’s Law
object immsersed in a fluid will exert equal pressure on all surfaces of the object
Viscosity
degree to which fluid resists flow due to cohesive forces
viscosity resist movements in all direction\
Rapid movements vs Slow movements
rapid movement met with greater resistance
slower movement met with slower resistance
Physio effect of hydrotherapy: Cleansing effect
treatment of open wounds
soften/remove debris
debriding agent to remove endogenous agents
cleansing agent, microbial/surfactants can be added
Physio effect of hydrotherapy: Musculo effect
Decreased WB
strengthening
slowed bone density loss
less fat loss than with other forms of exercise
Physio effect of hydrotherapy: Cardiovascular effect
Increased venous circulation, cardiac volume, cardiac output
decreased HR, SBP, VO2 response to exercise
Physio effect of hydrotherapy: Respiratory effect
decreased vital capacity, exercise induced asthma
increased work of breathing
Physio effect of hydrotherapy: Renal effect
diuresis
increased sodium/potassium excretion
Psychological effects
relaxation
invigoration
Indications for Hydro therapy: subacute/chronic
decreased swelling (pressure) hastens healing (thermal) dec pain (thermal) inc ROM (thermal) inc strength (pressure)
Indications for Hydrotherapy: contractures/scars
relaxation (psychological)
inc soft tissue extensibility (thermal)
softens scar tissue (fluidity/thermal)
Indications for Hydrotherapy: arthritis
inc ROM (thermal)buoyancy dec pain (thermal)buoyancy
Indications for Hydrotherapy: open wounds
cleans/debride (fluidity/pressure) increases circulation (thermal/pressure)
Indications for Hydrotherapy: muscle weakness
increase ROM (buoyancy/antibuoyancy) increase strength (pressure)
Contraindications
Cardiac dysfunction Respiratory dysfunction Decreased thermal sensitivity Acute RA Severe PVD Open infeciton spread
Contrast Bath therapeutic goal
vascular exercise
pain relief/desensitization
Contrast Bath effect
vaso constric/dilate of superficial BV
edema decreased
Contrast Bath indications
impaired circulation transition period of inf phase edema SINUS HA Complex Regional Pain syndrome
Contrast bath temp
55-67 to 80-104
large diff for pain relief
small diff for desensitization
Whirlpool therapeutic goal
debride open wounds
same as superficial cooling/heating
reduce pain
Whirlpool effects
lympth movement
moistens/softens tissue
Agitation of water may:
phasic stim to afferent inc pressure means to grade exercise dec thermal gradients remove necrotic tissue/decrease bacterial load
Whirlpool indications
infected/dirty wounds/burns
muscle weakness
early PVD
subacute/chronic
Cautions of Whirlpool
makes ure it is GFCI
signs of faintness/fever
seaksickness
Common temps of Whirlpool
92-96 Neutral
96-99 Warm
99-104 Hot
104-110 very Hot
Therapeutic Effects of Massage
assessment
invigorate the body
relaxation
superficial blood flow
inc pain threshold
lympth flow to dec edema
inc soft tissue ext
decrease scar tissue to inc ROM
Indications of Massage
pain spasms edema adhesions soreness headaches inc blood flow inc lymph drainage
Contraindications of Massage
arteriosclerosis thrombosis embolism phlebitis severe varicose veins open wounds infections acute inf/cancer
Therapeutic vs Rubdown
therapeutic- treatment of a disease (required)
rubdown- to relax muscles due to tension (desired)
Reflexive effects of Massage
act on local sensory/motor nerves as well as CNS
cause sedation due to muscle relaxation
effects through skin via sensory receptors
pain/circulatin/metabolism
Mechanical effects of Massage
accompanied with reflexive effect but with inverse relation ship
mm elongation and mob of soft tissue
increase blood flow to skeletal mm
slow mm atrophy, inc skin temp
Purpose of Effleurage massage
accustom pt.
apply lubrication oil
increase skin circulation
increase rate of exchange in periphery
Purpose of Petrissage massage
press waste out of tissue
increase lympth/venous return
break up adhesions
loosen fibrous tissue/increase elasticity
Types of effleurage massage
raking, ironing, heart, tree, feathering, 3 stroke on trap
Types of petrissage
kneading, ocean waves, skin rolling, praying hands, pincers on traps
Purpose of compression massage
press tissue into underlying bone
Purpose of vibration massage
act on GTO to recipricol inhibition
Purpose of shaking massage
influence mm spindle system jt proprioception
Purpose of Rocking massage
stim vestibular and muscular system
Purpose of persussion
stim subcutaneous tissue, increase circulation
Purpose of friction
break up adhesions
