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Physical Agents > E-Stim Basics & Pain Managment > Flashcards

E-Stim Basics & Pain Managment Flashcards

1
Q

To have current there must be these 3 things

A

source, conductor, and driving force of electrons

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2
Q

Define current

A

net movement of charged particles along conductor

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3
Q

Define electromotive force

A

amount of electric potential in an electric field that drives charged particles

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4
Q

Low voltage is?

A

<150V

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5
Q

High voltage is?

A

> 500V

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6
Q

Define inductance

A

opposition to electric flow created by eddy currents when current passes through a wire

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7
Q

Define Capacitance

A

ability of a material to store electrical charge

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8
Q

Define Impedance

A

resistance+inductance+capacitance

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9
Q

Define Conductors

A

materials that offer little resistance

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10
Q

Define Resistors

A

materials that offer high resistance

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11
Q

Semiconductors

A

materials that offer neither low nor high resistance to current

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12
Q

Define Power

A

WATTS

Volts x Amps

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13
Q

Energy created by water flow depends on?

A

gallons/minute

pressure of the pipes

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14
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V=IR

if we increase resistance we must increase voltage to move current

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15
Q

Define Parallel

A

when current flows through a circuit with multiple pathway to follow

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16
Q

Define series

A

when current flows through every resistor

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17
Q

List the 3 type of DC current

A

Continuous
Reversed DC current
Interrupted DC current

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18
Q

Define Continuous DC current

A

unidirectional flow of electrical charge for at least 1s

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19
Q

Define Reversed DC current

A

unidirectional flow of electrical charge for at least 1s and then changes polarity

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20
Q

Define Interrupted DC current

A

unidirectional flow of electrical charge for at least 1s then stops for 1s then resumes

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21
Q

Define AC current

A

a continuous bidirectional flow of electrical charge where each cycle lasts less than 1s

equal ion flow in each direction=no net charge

1cycle=1wavelength, wavelength inversely proportional to frequency

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22
Q

DC current is generally for?

A

Iontophoresis, Wound healing, Stimulating denervated nerves

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23
Q

AC current is generally for?

A

mm retraining, mm strengthening, pain modulation, functional training ie gait

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24
Q

Define pulsed current

A

Monophasic or Biphasic

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25
Q

Define the different types of Biphasic pulsed currents

A

symmetrical or asymmetrical

asymmetrical is either balanced or unbalanced

26
Q

4 ways to describe WAVEFORMS

A

Number of phases
symmetry
balance
shape of waveform

27
Q

4 ways to describe Amplitude

A

peak amp- max current reached for a single phase

peak to peak- max current reached from 1st phase to 2nd phase

RMS amp- for sine wave RMS, 0.707 of peak, 0.354 of peak to peak

average amp- mean volt under sine wave

28
Q

8 ways to describe Time of current

A

Phase duration- beg of phase to end of phase
Pulse duration- beg of pulse to end of pulse
Rise time- beg of phase to peak of phase
Decay time- peak of phase to end of phase

Interpulse duration- end of pulse to beg of next pulse
Intrapulse duration- end of phase to beg of next phase
Period- time it takes to complete one pulse
Frequency- 1/period

29
Q

4 ways to modify current

A

amp mods
pulse duration mods
frequency mods
ramp mods

30
Q

Timing mods (Burst)

A

Burst duration
Interburst interval
Burst frequency

31
Q

Size of electrodes

A

smaller electrodes=denser

32
Q

Placement of electrodes

A

closer to each other=more superficial density

farther from each other=more deeper density

33
Q

Tap key electrode

A

to identify motor points

stimulate small muscles

34
Q

Define IFC

A

interferential currents of medium frequency (1,000-10,000) unmodulated sinusoidal waves that cross

35
Q

Define beat frequency

A

net of 2 different carrier frequencies

36
Q

Define constructive IFC

A

originate at same time and summate

37
Q

Define destructive IFC

A

originate at different time and cancel out

38
Q

Define heterodyne

A

blending of waves constituting and destructively

39
Q

Define constant bipolar

A

both carriers are fixed

40
Q

Define quadripolar

A

one is fixed other has varied frequency=sweep frequency to minimize accommodation

41
Q

Define scanning quad vector

A

move entire petal of stim to cover more treatment area

42
Q

Define stereodynamic

A

3 distinct circuits that blend and create a distinct wave

43
Q

Define High Volt Pulsed current

A

twin peak monophasic pulsed current that rises instantly and declines exponentially

44
Q

What is the typical pulse duration and frequency of HVPC

A

pulse duration=100-200

frequency=1-200pps

45
Q

Strength duration curve relationship between voltage and pulse duration

A

increase volt, decreased pulse duration

46
Q

Tissue impedance and HVPC

A

HVPC=low capacitance=low impedance=more comfortable

47
Q

Typical Parameters of Russian Currents

A 
frequency=2,500
burst duration=10ms
interburst interval=10ms
burst frequency=50/s
On:Off=10/50
Duty cycle start from 100% and move down with pt. comfort
48
Q

Russian currents characteristics

A

painless involuntary contraction training
increase current amp for deeper motor neurons
can painlessly stim larger pools of type II motor units for voluntary max mm. force

49
Q

Strength-duration curve between amp, pulse duration, and motor/sensory neurons

A

low current amp, low pulse duration to stim A Beta, A delta

high current amp, high pulse duration to stim A Alpha, A gamma

higher yet current, longer pulse duration to stim pain transmitting C-fibers

50
Q

Define Rheobase

A

minimal current (with long pulse duration) needed to AP

51
Q

Define Chronxaie

A

minimal duration to stimulate tissue at 2x of rheobase

52
Q

Current and pulse duration controlling superficial and deep fibers in mixed nerves

A

current and pulse duration just enough to reach threshold

large superficial fibers

medium superficial fibers, large deeper fibers

small superficial fibers, medium deeper fibers

53
Q

TENS Conventional

A

high frequency, low pulse duration, lower current just enough to feel tingling

only when unit is on, can be effective 24 hours

100-150pps
50-80 microseconds

54
Q

Low rate TENS

A

low frequency, high pulse duration, higher current just enough to feel muscle contraction

effective for 4-4/12 hours, after 20 minutes

2-10pps
100-200 microseconds

55
Q

Noxious TENS

A

can use high or low frequency
opiod,seratonin,muscarinic mediated

5pps or 80 pps
up to 1,000 microseconds or 1s
amp: 2x motor threshold

56
Q

IFC parameters for pain management

A

to stim sensory
50-120pps

to stim motor
30-50pps

1pps to acustim pain relief

57
Q

IFC Indications

A

pain of known origin

muscle relaxation to increase blood flow and decrease edema

58
Q

IFC effect

A

inc pain threshold
mm contraction
mm pump

59
Q

Burst TENS parameters

A

10pps

200-300 microseconds

60
Q

HVPC parameters for pain management

A

to stim sensory
80-120pps

to stim motor
30-60microseconds

2-4 for motorpain

Physical Agents (6 decks)

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