Hydrotherapy & Compression Flashcards
What are the 4 physical properties of water?
High Specific Heat
Thermal Conductivity
Hydrostatic Pressure
Buoyancy/Resistance
What are the possible modes of heat transfer associated with hydrotherapy?
Conduction & Convection
How is heat transferred in stationary water?
By Conduction
How is heat tranferred in moving water?
By Convection
What is buoyancy?
A force experienced as an upward thrust on the body opposite to the force of gravity.
Per Archimedes’ Principle:
When a body is entirely or partially immersed in a fluid at rest, it experiences an _________________ equal to the weight of the weight of the fluid it displaces
Upward Thrust
Which has a higher density: the human body or water?
Water
What is Specific Gravity?
The ratio of density of a material compared to the density of water.
What does submersion of most of the body do to weight bearing joints , muscles and connective tissues?
It decreases stress and compression
What does the viscosity of water do to the motion of a body?
It provides resistance to motion.
What direction does resistance occur in relationship to the motion of the body in water?
Resistance occurs against the direction of the motion
How is resistance affected relative to the speed of a body’s motion in water?
Resistance increases in proportion to the speed.
In addition to the benefits of exercising in water, what other benefit(s) can be derived from the variable resistance and pressure of moving water?
It is good for debriding and cleansing wounds.
According to Pascal, does hydrostatic pressure increase or decrease as the depth of immersion increases?
Pressure increases as depth increases.
There are no hydrostatic pressure effects when nonimmersion hydrotherapy techniques are used. True or False?
True
List 6 psysiological effects of water that result from its physical properties:
Cleansing Musculoskeletal Effects Cardiovascular Effects Respiratory Effects Renal Effects Psychological Effects
Can immersion in water assist in alleviating peripheral edema caused by venous or lymphatic insufficiency?
Yes
Compare the effects of hydrostatic pressure on a vertical (standing) patient vs a horizontal (swimming) patient?
Pressure will be greater on the feet of the vertical patient.
List types of conditions which can progress more rapidly during rehabilitation when buoyancy is used to unload weight-bearing anatomical structures.
Arthritis
Ligamentous Instability
Cartilage Breakdown
Degenerative or traumatic conditions of the articular or periarticular structures of the weight-bearing joints
What property(ies) of water can be used to provide force against which muscles can work to gain or maintain strength
Velocity dependent resistance
What happens when water flow is adjusted to occur in the same direction of the patient’s motion?
Resistance is decreased - the water flow can actually be used to assist the patient’s movement.
The cardiovascular benefits of hydrotherapy are primarily a result of the effects of what?
Hydrostatic Pressure
How does hydrostatic pressure benefit cardiovascular therapy?
The pressure displaces venous blood proximally
This increases Cardiac Volume
Which increases Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output
What is Starling’s Law?
The strength of the heart’s systolic contraction is directly proportional to its diastolic expansion
This means that under normal physiological conditions, the Right Atrium pumps all of the blood returned to it without any blood backing up into the veins.
Is the rate of oxygen consumption lower or higher when exercise is performed in water than when exercise at the same level of perceived exertion is performed on dry land?
It is lower
Should Target Heart Rate be used as the gauge for water exercise intensity? Why?
No. Heart rate to exercise is “blunted” in water. The LEVEL OF PERCEIVED EXERTION should be the guide for exercise intensity in water.
Why does immersion of the whole body in water increase breathing work?
Because the venous blood flow from peripheral to central circulation increases circulation in the chest cavity - the hydrostatic pressure on the chest wall increases the resistance to lung expansion.
What kind of conditions/impairments should be carefully monitored during water based exercise?
Respiratory and/or cardiovascular impairments.
The additional respiratory challenge of exercising in water may overload patients with these conditions.
Is water based exercise more or less likely than land based exercise to aggravate asthma?
Less likely
What renal effects can be seen in individuals immersed up to the neck in water?
Increased urine production
Urinary Sodium & Potassium excretion
What type of patients may benefit from immersion in warm water?
Individuals with CHF
Patients who need a calming environment
Overstimulated or agitated patients